2025新战略高地_以太空投资驱动国家增长研究报告_23页_5mb

The New High Ground: Leveraging Space Investments to Drive National Growth

Foreword

The space sector has evolved from state-led exploration to a defense-oriented, innovation-driven economy. In 2024, institutional space budgets reached US$140 billion globally, with defense spending rising to 54 percent, led by the United States and China. KPMG highlights key financing trends, emphasizing the role of public and private partnerships in advancing technology and real-world impact.

Defense Spending Lifts Public Space Investment

Global defense space spending surged to US$49.5 billion in 2024, growing 18 percent from 2022–2023, driven by North America and Asia. This trend saw US national security space investment rise above its 2020 level by nearly 56 percent. Investment types include government funding, venture capital, corporate ventures, and sovereign funds, with examples such as US government agencies and China's expanding military programs. Defense spending dominates space budgets, displacing civil programs in 2023, and is increasingly tied to sovereignty and regional conflicts.

Private Investments Recover with Corporate and VC Funding

Following a shift away from SPACs in 2022, private capital focused on defense-aligned infrastructure and dual-use applications. Between 2023 and 2025, venture and corporate funding concentrated on launch systems, satellite manufacturing, and AI-integrated geospatial intelligence (GEOINT). US leadership is evident in infrastructure like reusable rockets and broadband networks; Europe, India, and Japan show growing roles in mobility, lunar robotics, and earth observation. Investment composition shifted toward larger rounds with strategic backing, reducing hype and emphasizing milestone-driven growth.

How Space Investments Contribute to National Growth

Space investments foster economic diversification, defense security, and innovation. The global space economy reached US$613 billion in 2024, growing faster than world GDP. Key benefits include job creation, high-value employment, GDP contributions in advanced nations, enhanced national security through satellite communications and ISR capabilities, and societal improvements like disaster response, climate monitoring, and digital connectivity. For instance, 57 percent of relief operations use satellite access for coordination.

Measuring the Success of Space Investments

KPMG proposes a KPI framework grouped into economic impact (e.g., GDP contribution, patent counts), operational performance (e.g., launch success rates), innovation output (e.g., spin-offs and startups), and public service delivery (e.g., connectivity coverage and disaster response improvements). These metrics ensure investments align with national goals like economic resilience and sustainable development, reflecting both technological and social returns.