Summary of the Statistical Factsheet
Core Content Overview
The document presents a detailed statistical overview of the European Union (EU-28), focusing on population and economy, agricultural trade, farm structure, and agricultural financial and economic accounts. It includes data on GDP, population, rural population, real GDP growth rates, CAP expenditure, agricultural output and income, and agricultural input costs, with sources and updates provided for reference.
1. Population & Economy
Key Figures for EU-28
- Population (2017): 511,522,671
- Rural population (2016): 97,639,441
- GDP (2017): 15,301,515 million EUR
- GDP per capita (2017): 29,833 EUR
Share in EU-28
| Country |
GDP (%) |
Population (%) |
Rural population (%) |
| Luxembourg |
2.9% |
2.2% |
1.0% |
| Hungary |
0.3% |
1.4% |
1.0% |
| Malta |
1.3% |
2.1% |
2.3% |
| Netherlands |
1.9% |
1.1% |
1.7% |
| Poland |
21.3% |
16.1% |
13.3% |
| United Kingdom |
0.2% |
0.3% |
1.9% |
| France |
1.2% |
2.1% |
3.5% |
| Germany |
7.6% |
9.1% |
1.7% |
| Spain |
14.9% |
13.1% |
21.2% |
Real GDP Growth Rates (2010–2019)
- Belgium: 2.7%, 1.8%, 0.2%, 0.2%, 1.4%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.7%
- Bulgaria: 1.3%, 1.9%, 0.0%, 0.9%, 1.3%, 3.6%, 3.9%, 3.9%, 3.8%, 3.6%
- Czech Republic: 2.3%, 1.8%, -0.8%, -0.5%, 2.7%, 5.3%, 2.6%, 4.3%, 3.0%, 2.9%
- Denmark: 1.9%, 1.3%, 0.2%, 0.9%, 1.7%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 2.3%, 2.0%, 1.9%
- Germany: 4.1%, 3.7%, 0.5%, 0.5%, 1.9%, 1.7%, 1.9%, 2.2%, 2.1%, 2.0%
- Estonia: 2.3%, 7.6%, 4.3%, 1.9%, 2.9%, 1.7%, 2.1%, 4.4%, 3.2%, 2.8%
- Ireland: 1.8%, 3.0%, 0.0%, 1.6%, 8.3%, 25.6%, 5.1%, 4.8%, 3.9%, 3.1%
- Greece: -5.5%, -9.1%, -7.3%, -3.2%, 0.7%, -0.3%, -0.2%, 1.6%, 2.5%, 2.5%
- Spain: 0.0%, -1.0%, -2.9%, -1.7%, 1.4%, 3.4%, 3.3%, 3.1%, 2.5%, 2.1%
- France: 2.0%, 2.1%, 0.2%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.6%
- Croatia: -1.7%, -0.3%, -2.2%, -1.1%, -0.5%, 2.2%, 3.0%, 3.2%, 2.8%, 2.7%
- Italy: 1.7%, 0.6%, -2.8%, -1.7%, 0.1%, 1.0%, 0.9%, 1.5%, 1.3%, 1.0%
- Cyprus: 1.3%, 0.3%, -3.1%, -5.9%, -1.4%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 2.9%, 2.7%
- Latvia: -3.9%, 6.4%, 4.0%, 2.6%, 1.9%, 2.8%, 2.1%, 4.2%, 3.5%, 3.2%
- Lithuania: 1.6%, 6.0%, 3.8%, 3.5%, 3.5%, 2.0%, 2.3%, 3.8%, 2.9%, 2.6%
- Luxembourg: 4.9%, 2.5%, -0.4%, 3.7%, 5.8%, 2.9%, 3.1%, 3.4%, 3.5%, 3.3%
- Hungary: 0.7%, 1.7%, -1.6%, 2.1%, 4.2%, 3.4%, 2.2%, 3.7%, 3.6%, 3.1%
- Malta: 3.5%, 1.4%, 2.6%, 4.6%, 8.2%, 7.1%, 5.5%, 5.6%, 4.9%, 4.1%
- Netherlands: 1.4%, 1.7%, -1.1%, -0.2%, 1.4%, 2.3%, 2.2%, 3.2%, 2.7%, 2.5%
- Austria: 1.8%, 2.9%, 0.7%, 0.0%, 0.8%, 1.1%, 1.5%, 2.6%, 2.4%, 2.3%
- Poland: 3.6%, 5.0%, 1.6%, 1.4%, 3.3%, 3.8%, 2.9%, 4.2%, 3.8%, 3.4%
- Portugal: 1.9%, -1.8%, -4.0%, -1.1%, 0.9%, 1.8%, 1.5%, 2.6%, 2.1%, 1.8%
- Romania: -0.8%, 1.1%, 0.6%, 3.5%, 3.1%, 4.0%, 4.6%, 5.7%, 4.4%, 4.1%
- Slovenia: 1.2%, 0.6%, -2.7%, -1.1%, -0.5%, 2.2%, 3.0%, 3.2%, 2.8%, 2.7%
- Slovakia: 5.0%, 2.8%, 1.7%, 1.5%, 2.8%, 3.9%, 3.3%, 3.3%, 3.8%, 4.0%
- Finland: 3.0%, 2.6%, -1.4%, -0.8%, -0.6%, 0.0%, 1.9%, 3.3%, 2.7%, 2.4%
- Sweden: 6.0%, 2.7%, -0.3%, 1.2%, 2.6%, 4.5%, 3.3%, 3.2%, 2.7%, 2.2%
- United Kingdom: 1.7%, 1.5%, 1.5%, 2.1%, 3.1%, 2.3%, 1.8%, 1.5%, 1.3%, 1.1%
- EU-28: 2.1%, 1.7%, -0.4%, 0.3%, 1.8%, 2.3%, 1.9%, 2.3%, 2.1%, 1.9%
2. Financial Aspects of Agriculture (CAP Expenditure, 2017)
CAP Expenditure (in 1,000 EUR)
| Measure |
2017 (1,000 EUR) |
| Decoupled direct aids |
35,366,166 |
| Other direct aids |
5,759,408 |
| Additional amounts of aid |
3 |
| Reimbursement of direct aids in relation to financial discipline |
425,580 |
| Direct payments |
41,551,156 |
| Olive oil |
42,770 |
| Textile plants |
6,134 |
| Fruit and vegetables |
995,421 |
| Wine sector |
1,011,750 |
| Promotion |
122,262 |
| Other plant products |
236,857 |
| Milk and milk products |
468,019 |
| Beef and veal |
23,649 |
| Sheepmeat and goatmeat |
3,505 |
| Pigmeat, eggs, poultry |
90,744 |
| School schemes* |
0 |
| Market measures |
3,001,112 |
| Rural development |
14,337,027 |
| Total |
58,889,295 |
CAP Expenditure by Member State (in 1,000 EUR)
| Country |
Direct Payments |
Market Measures |
Rural Development |
Total |
| Belgium |
508,564 |
80,801 |
97,175 |
686,540 |
| Bulgaria |
774,080 |
37,500 |
340,410 |
1,151,991 |
| Czech Republic |
837,551 |
27,728 |
344,509 |
1,209,788 |
| Denmark |
844,288 |
21,195 |
144,868 |
1,010,351 |
| Germany |
4,846,569 |
201,534 |
1,404,073 |
6,452,176 |
| Estonia |
113,912 |
10,360 |
122,865 |
247,137 |
| Ireland |
1,208,265 |
22,897 |
313,007 |
1,544,170 |
| Greece |
2,021,458 |
65,786 |
703,471 |
2,790,715 |
| Spain |
5,063,903 |
555,848 |
1,185,553 |
6,805,304 |
| France |
7,365,412 |
640,058 |
1,665,778 |
9,671,247 |
| Croatia |
198,895 |
10,384 |
282,343 |
491,621 |
| Italy |
3,794,981 |
649,301 |
1,493,380 |
5,937,663 |
| Cyprus |
49,742 |
7,265 |
18,895 |
75,902 |
| Latvia |
203,771 |
14,496 |
155,139 |
373,407 |
| Lithuania |
437,174 |
8,006 |
230,452 |
675,632 |
| Luxembourg |
33,311 |
1,200 |
14,366 |
48,878 |
| Hungary |
1,257,586 |
54,857 |
488,621 |
1,801,064 |
| Malta |
5,043 |
490 |
13,915 |
19,448 |
| Netherlands |
734,734 |
87,112 |
118,357 |
940,203 |
| Austria |
692,626 |
29,166 |
562,468 |
1,284,260 |
| Poland |
3,354,843 |
118,943 |
1,192,025 |
4,665,812 |
| Portugal |
654,897 |
114,208 |
579,806 |
1,348,910 |
| Romania |
1,690,659 |
42,904 |
1,186,544 |
2,920,107 |
| Slovenia |
135,771 |
8,581 |
119,684 |
264,036 |
| Slovakia |
432,057 |
11,737 |
215,357 |
659,151 |
| Finland |
523,378 |
14,410 |
340,009 |
877,797 |
| Sweden |
685,731 |
21,409 |
249,386 |
956,526 |
| United Kingdom |
3,081,954 |
90,435 |
754,570 |
3,926,959 |
| EU28 |
41,551,156 |
3,001,112 |
14,337,027 |
58,889,295 |
3. Agricultural Output and Income
Agricultural Output Components (Million EUR)
| Component |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
% of Total |
| Cereals |
46,676 |
40,199 |
42,233 |
21.3% |
| Wheat and spelt |
24,614 |
19,390 |
21,187 |
10.7% |
| Rye and meslin |
901 |
751 |
840 |
0.4% |
| Barley |
8,530 |
7,353 |
7,774 |
3.9% |
| Oats and summer cereal mixtures |
1,191 |
1,245 |
1,272 |
0.6% |
| Grain maize |
8,783 |
9,073 |
8,966 |
4.5% |
| Rice |
788 |
726 |
610 |
0.3% |
| Other cereals |
1,869 |
1,662 |
1,584 |
0.8% |
| Industrial crops |
18,439 |
18,822 |
19,731 |
9.9% |
| Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits |
10,832 |
10,523 |
11,231 |
5.7% |
| Protein crops |
1,099 |
1,120 |
1,263 |
0.6% |
| Raw tobacco |
450 |
479 |
479 |
0.2% |
| Sugar beet |
2,813 |
3,067 |
3,482 |
1.8% |
| Other industrial crops |
3,245 |
3,633 |
3,276 |
1.7% |
| Forage plants |
21,232 |
22,154 |
21,816 |
11.0% |
| Vegetables and horticultural products |
51,205 |
50,786 |
51,551 |
26.0% |
| Potatoes |
9,616 |
11,873 |
10,340 |
5.2% |
| Fruits |
25,033 |
24,972 |
24,702 |
12.4% |
| Wine |
21,694 |
20,635 |
19,490 |
9.8% |
| Olive oil |
5,181 |
4,866 |
5,842 |
2.9% |
| Other crop products |
2,531 |
2,692 |
2,804 |
1.4% |
| Crop output |
201,606 |
197,001 |
198,509 |
55.3% |
| Animal output |
151,301 |
147,353 |
160,391 |
44.7% |
| Agricultural goods output |
352,906 |
344,354 |
358,900 |
100.0% |
Agricultural Income (Indicator A)
| Country |
2017 (Index, 2010=100) |
| Belgium |
89.2 |
| Bulgaria |
205.5 |
| Czech Republic |
148.4 |
| Denmark |
107.6 |
| Germany |
107.9 |
| Estonia |
100.7 |
| Ireland |
159.4 |
| Greece |
95.2 |
| Spain |
122.7 |
| France |
105.6 |
| Croatia |
111.6 |
| Italy |
135 |
| Cyprus |
138.1 |
| Latvia |
142.1 |
| Lithuania |
146.2 |
| Luxembourg |
123.2 |
| Hungary |
148.0 |
| Malta |
127.2 |
| Netherlands |
123.3 |
| Austria |
123.0 |
| Poland |
129.9 |
| Portugal |
122.7 |
| Romania |
129.9 |
| Slovenia |
111.6 |
| Slovakia |
146.2 |
| Finland |
123.2 |
| Sweden |
123.2 |
| United Kingdom |
123.2 |
| EU-28 |
123.0 |
4. Agricultural Input (2015–2017)
| Input Components |
2015 (Million EUR) |
2016 (Million EUR) |
2017 (Million EUR) |
% Change 2016/2015 |
% Change 2017/2016 |
| Seeds and planting stock |
11,598 |
11,788 |
11,986 |
1.6% |
1.7% |
| Energy |
25,984 |
23,928 |
25,455 |
-7.9% |
6.4% |
| Fertilisers and soil improvers |
18,163 |
16,910 |
16,393 |
-6.9% |
-3.1% |
| Plant protection products |
11,768 |
11,754 |
11,683 |
-0.1% |
-0.6% |
| Veterinary expenses |
6,121 |
6,091 |
6,006 |
-0.5% |
-1.4% |
| Feedingstuffs |
84,262 |
82,439 |
81,877 |
-2.2% |
-0.7% |
| Maintenance of materials |
13,676 |
13,625 |
13,687 |
-0.4% |
0.5% |
| Maintenance of buildings |
5,000 |
4,828 |
4,803 |
-3.4% |
-0.5% |
| Agricultural services |
16,787 |
16,695 |
16,588 |
-0.6% |
-0.6% |
| Other goods and services |
33,621 |
32,943 |
33,170 |
-2.0% |
0.7% |
| Total intermediate consumption |
231,246 |
224,745 |
225,243 |
-2.8% |
0.2% |
| Fixed capital consumption |
57,140 |
56,800 |
56,336 |
-0.6% |
-0.8% |
5. Farm Structure and Rural Areas
Population and GDP by Rural Typology (2015–2017)
| Typology |
2015 (km²) |
2016 (km²) |
2017 (km²) |
2015 (Persons) |
2016 (Persons) |
2017 (Persons) |
2015 (Million EUR) |
2016 (Million EUR) |
2017 (Million EUR) |
| PR (Predominately Rural) |
1,964,316 |
1,889,404 |
1,889,404 |
97,639,441 |
182,854,669 |
227,629,240 |
1,668,212 |
3,869,065 |
6,908,760 |
| IR (Intermediate Regions) |
1,889,404 |
1,889,404 |
1,889,404 |
182,854,669 |
182,854,669 |
182,854,669 |
3,869,065 |
6,908,760 |
12,446,037 |
| PU (Predominately Urban) |
520,578 |
520,578 |
520,578 |
227,629,240 |
227,629,240 |
227,629,240 |
6,908,760 |
12,446,037 |
12,446,037 |
Distribution of Direct Aid by Size-Class (2017)
| Size-Class of Aid (EUR) |
Number of Beneficiaries |
% of Total |
Payments (EUR) |
% of Total |
| < 0 € |
4 |
0.1% |
-2,896 |
0.0% |
| ≥ 0 and < 500 € |
1,632 |
25.0% |
534,234 |
1.3% |
| ≥ 500 and < 1,250 € |
1,574 |
24.1% |
1,273,432 |
3.1% |
| ≥ 1,250 and < 2,000 € |
677 |
10.3% |
1,076,411 |
2.6% |
| ≥ 2,000 and < 5,000 € |
1,081 |
16.5% |
3,460,172 |
8.3% |
| ≥ 5,000 and < 10,000 € |
614 |
9.4% |
4,350,304 |
10.5% |
| ≥ 10,000 and < 20,000 € |
459 |
7.0% |
6,517,621 |
15.7% |
| ≥ 20,000 and < 50,000 € |
373 |
5.7% |
11,419,034 |
27.5% |
| ≥ 50,000 and < 100,000 € |
91 |
1.4% |
6,099,889 |
14.7% |
| ≥ 100,000 and < 150,000 € |
17 |
0.3% |
2,059,722 |
5.0% |
| ≥ 150,000 and < 200,000 € |
6 |
0.1% |
1,111,717 |
2.7% |
| ≥ 200,000 and < 250,000 € |
3 |
0.1% |
763,093 |
1.8% |
| ≥ 250,000 and < 300,000 € |
2 |
0.0% |
569,915 |
1.4% |
| ≥ 300,000 and < 500,000 € |
3 |
0.0% |
1,135,598 |
2.7% |
| ≥ 500,000 € |
1 |
0.0% |
1,189,276 |
2.9% |
| Total |
6,538 |
100% |
41,557,522 |
100% |
Key Points
- Population and Economy: The EU-28 has a total population of over 511 million and a GDP of over 15.3 trillion EUR in 2017. Rural population accounts for about 97.6 million people.
- GDP and Population Distribution: Countries like Poland and Spain have the largest shares of GDP and population, while Luxembourg and United Kingdom have the smallest.
- Real GDP Growth: Growth varied significantly across member states, with Ireland and Estonia experiencing the highest growth rates in recent years, and Greece and Romania showing some decline in earlier years.
- CAP Expenditure: In 2017, the total CAP expenditure was over 58.9 billion EUR. Germany and France had the largest allocations for direct payments and rural development.
- Agricultural Output: Cereals and vegetables/horticultural products are the largest contributors to agricultural output, accounting for about 21.3% and 26.0% respectively.
- Agricultural Income: Agricultural income increased significantly in 2017, with Ireland and Latvia showing the highest growth in real income per annual work unit (AWU).
- Agricultural Input Costs: Inputs like seeds and planting stock, energy, and feedingstuffs dominated the costs, with overall intermediate consumption decreasing slightly from 2016 to 2017.
Conclusion
The document provides comprehensive insights into the economic and agricultural landscape of the EU-28, highlighting population distribution, GDP shares, growth trends, CAP expenditure, and agricultural output and income. It underscores the importance of rural areas, the financial support provided to farmers, and the economic contribution of agriculture to the EU's overall economy. The data is sourced from the European Commission and Eurostat, with the latest updates in May 2018.
