2021-09-29-世界经济论坛-Space_for_Net_Zero_22页_12mb

Summary: Space for Net Zero White Paper

1. The Net-Zero Challenge

• Achieving net-zero GHG emissions is critical to mitigate climate change impacts.
• Current national climate pledges are insufficient to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C.
• Humanity is far from controlling global temperature rise, necessitating rapid progress.

2. Role of Space Technologies

• More than 50% of essential climate variables are only measurable from space.
• Satellites provide global, high-resolution data on CO₂ and CH₄ emissions.
• Key missions include NASA's OCO-2/3 and ESA's Sentinel-5P for GHG monitoring.
• Space-based measurements complement ground-based networks for a holistic view.

3. Earth Operations Centre Proposal

• An Earth Operations Centre (EOC) is proposed to coordinate global GHG monitoring.
• The EOC would integrate Earth system science, economic modelling, and satellite data.
• It aims to support net-zero efforts by providing decision support, data analysis, and fostering international collaboration.

4. Current Gaps and Opportunities

• Existing satellite missions cover key GHGs, but gaps remain in precision and coverage.
• Targeted approaches using satellites, airborne sensors, and ground instruments can improve monitoring.
• Commercial and non-profit satellites offer higher resolution but coordinate policy data collection.

5. EOC Benefits

• The EOC would serve as a focal point for coordinated global climate action.
• It requires multidisciplinary expertise and sustained investment in space technology.
• Without an EOC, achieving net-zero and managing climate change effectively is unlikely.