2022-04-23-埃森哲-A_shorter_runway_to_net-zero_10页_936kb

Sustainability Takes Off in Aviation Industry

Core Content

The aviation industry is undergoing a significant transformation toward sustainability, aiming to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. With the number of global air passengers expected to nearly double in the next 20 years, the sector faces a challenge of increased fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Currently, aviation accounts for about 2% of the global carbon budget, but it is projected to consume 12–27% of the remaining budget by 2050 if no action is taken. To meet the net-zero goal, a combination of industry and government initiatives and innovative technologies will be necessary.

Main Views

• Sustainability is a key focus: The aviation industry has a long history of innovation, but now it is shifting its focus toward decarbonization and sustainable operations.
• No single solution will suffice: Achieving net-zero emissions will require a multi-faceted approach, involving both new energy pathways and onboard aircraft technologies.
• Technology plays a central role: A list of 11 priority technologies has been identified, spanning areas such as new energy pathways, engine technology, airframe configurations, structures, and onboard systems.
• Timing is critical: Technologies are categorized into three time horizons—today–2030, 2030–2040, and 2040 and beyond—based on their maturity, feasibility, and emission reduction potential.
• Collaboration is essential: The public and private sectors must work together to create strategic plans, shape industry standards, and accelerate technology development.

Key Technologies and Their Applicability

Today–2030: Near-term, market-ready technologies

• Composite structures
• Flight deck optimization software
• Electric/advanced auxiliary power units (APUs)
• Electric taxiing
• Wingtip devices
• Advanced fly-by-wire systems
• Fuel cells for onboard power
• High-pressure ratio core engines
• Geared turbofan engines
• Advanced composites
• Laminar flow control technology

2030–2040: Mid-term technologies

• Geared turbofan engines (20% emission reduction)
• High-pressure ratio core engines (7% emission reduction)
• Open rotor (20% emission reduction)
• Laminar flow control (5% emission reduction)
• Advanced composites (2% emission reduction)
• Hybrid-electric propulsion (1% emission reduction)
• Transonic truss-braced wing (5% emission reduction)

2040 and beyond: Long-term technologies

• Hydrogen propulsion (46% emission reduction)
• All-electric propulsion (1% emission reduction)
• Blended-wing body (BWB) (9% emission reduction)
• Fuel cell for onboard power (2% emission reduction)

Key Insights from Stakeholders

• Airframe & Engine OEMs: Should scale SAF adoption, accelerate engine tech development, and invest in batteries and hydrogen fuel cells.
• Technology companies: Need to focus on digital twin/thread, autonomous flight, and electrification while collaborating with regulators.
• Airlines: Should prioritize SAF scale-up and electric aircraft adoption, while addressing concerns about novel propulsion technologies.
• Airports: Require communication with OEMs and data analysis to support hydrogen and electric infrastructure.
• Academia: Can help bridge knowledge gaps and build consumer confidence in new technologies.
• Government & regulatory bodies: Must accelerate technology deployment and certification, invest in infrastructure, and upskill employees.

Conclusion

The path to net-zero emissions in aviation is complex and long-term, requiring strategic planning, funding, and collaboration. While some technologies are already on the verge of market adoption, others will need more time and investment to become viable. The ecosystem approach—involving industry, government, and academia—is critical for success and sustainability. By aligning efforts and prioritizing the right technologies at the right time, the aviation industry can shorten its runway to a greener future.

References

• IATA, 2020: Aircraft Technology Roadmap to 2050
• Accenture analysis
• Carbon Brief, August 2016: Aviation could consume a quarter of 1.5C of carbon budget by 2050
• Aerospace Industries Association: Industry Issues—Environment

Authors

• John Schmidt – Aerospace and Defense Global Industry Lead
• Claudia Galea – Aerospace and Defense Global Sustainability Lead
• David Silver – Vice President—Civil Aviation, Aerospace Industries Association