2022-04-19-世界卫生组织-Accelerating_COVID-19_Vaccine_Deployment_61页_9mb

Summary of G2OINDONESIA 2022: Accelerating COVID-19 Vaccine Deployment

Core Content

This report, prepared by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank (WB), and other partners, outlines the challenges and strategies for accelerating the global deployment of COVID-19 vaccines. It was submitted to the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meeting to address the ongoing risks posed by the pandemic and to support the global target of achieving 70% vaccination coverage.

Main Points

• The Pandemic's Impact: The pandemic has caused over 6 million officially reported deaths, with estimates suggesting the true number is three times higher. It has disrupted global economies, increased poverty, and negatively impacted education and health systems.
• Global Vaccination Progress: As of 2022, 65% of the world's population has received at least one dose, with 58% having primary vaccination. However, only 11% of people in low-income countries (LICs) are fully vaccinated, compared to 73% in high-income countries.
• Vaccine Coverage Inequality: Only 52 countries have met the 70% global target, while 69 countries have not even reached the 40% interim milestone. This inequality threatens economic recovery, especially in low-coverage countries.
• Shift in Global Challenge: The global supply of vaccines is no longer the main constraint. The challenge now is to ensure effective vaccine delivery, particularly in low and lower-middle-income countries.
• Role of Leadership and Coordination: Strong national leadership, detailed planning, and international coordination are essential for accelerating vaccine deployment. A "One Country Team, One Plan, One Budget" approach is being used to streamline efforts.
• Economic and Health Impacts: Vaccination is increasingly seen as an economic policy. Countries with higher vaccination rates have experienced faster recovery from the pandemic's economic impacts.

Key Challenges

• Vaccine Hesitancy: Despite progress, vaccine hesitancy remains a challenge in many countries, requiring targeted risk communication and community engagement.
• Healthcare System Capacity: Strengthening national health systems is crucial to support the scale of vaccination efforts.
• Trade Barriers: Some trade restrictions on vaccine-related products persist, hindering supply chain efficiency.
• Resource Gaps: There is a significant gap in funding and resources for vaccine delivery, especially in low-coverage countries.

Priority Actions

For G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors

1. Fully Fund Vaccine Delivery: Support the remaining $1.1 billion requested by ACT-A's CoVDP partners and commit to closing the $14 billion budget gap.
2. Accelerate Vaccination: Advocate for political leaders to ensure all countries accelerate vaccination to meet coverage targets.
3. Support Health System Capacities: Mobilize financing for national health system strengthening and immunization programs.
4. Keep Borders Open: Reduce trade barriers and tariffs to facilitate the smooth flow of vaccines and related products.
5. Monitor Progress: Review progress on vaccine delivery challenges at G20 meetings in July, October, and November.

For Countries with Low Vaccination Coverage

1. Ensure Leadership Commitment: Strong leadership is essential for detailed and costed vaccination planning.
2. Prioritize High-Risk Groups: Focus on full vaccination and boosters for older adults, healthcare workers, and those with comorbidities.
3. Promote Vaccination Demand: Use targeted Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) to address vaccine hesitancy.
4. Integrate with Health Systems: Combine vaccination efforts with broader health system strengthening and routine immunization.
5. Coordinate with International Partners: Work with global and regional mechanisms to ensure a predictable and efficient vaccine supply.

For International Partners and Agencies

1. Global Coordination: Align efforts through COVAX/ACT-Accelerator with support from the Multilateral Leaders Task Force.
2. Rapid Response to Funding Requests: Deliver emergency funding and technical assistance within 15 days.
3. Sustainable Programs: Support countries in building adaptable and sustainable vaccination programs.
4. Predictable Supply Timelines: Coordinate with vaccine manufacturers to provide forward-looking supply timelines and avoid dose wastage.

Key Figures

• Over 6 million deaths have been officially reported from the pandemic, with estimates suggesting the real number is 3 times higher.
• Global economic losses are expected to reach $13.8 trillion by 2024.
• 70 million more people are estimated to be living in extreme poverty.
• Women accounted for 54% of overall job losses, despite representing 39% of global employment.
• 1.2 billion doses have been delivered by COVAX to its 92 lower-income member states.
• Only 11.2% of the population in low-income countries is fully vaccinated, compared to 73% in high-income countries.
• 34 countries are receiving concentrated support from the CoVDP to accelerate vaccination, with 19 of them still below 10% coverage.
• Over 43% of the population in AMC 92 countries are now fully vaccinated.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the need for continued and urgent investment in vaccine delivery, particularly in low-coverage countries. It highlights the importance of international cooperation, strong national leadership, and the integration of vaccination efforts with broader health and economic priorities. The ultimate goal is to achieve the 70% global vaccination target and to protect vulnerable populations from the ongoing threat of the virus and new variants.