2005年-世界发展银行全球_Output-Based_Aid_in_Mozambique___Private_Electricity_Operator_Connects_Rural_Households_4页_1mb

报告摘要

OBA Approaches Summary: Mozambique Rural Electricity Concession

Core Content

The document discusses the implementation of an output-based aid (OBA) model in Mozambique, specifically in the rural area of Inhambane Province, as part of the country's broader strategy to increase electricity access through private sector participation. This approach is designed to bridge the gap between the cost of new infrastructure and the affordability for households, particularly in areas with limited access to the national grid.

Mozambique is one of the world's poorest countries, with a per capita income of $210 and 55% of the population below the poverty line in 2002. Despite recent economic growth, infrastructure remains underdeveloped, especially in rural areas. Most electricity is generated in the western province of Tete and exported to South Africa, leaving only 6% of households connected to the national grid or local mini-grids.

The OBA model allows the private operator to develop the power system in a cost-effective manner, with subsidies contingent on verified household connections. This model aims to attract private investment by reducing financial risks and increasing operational incentives.

Main Views

OBA Model: Subsidies are tied to actual service delivery, ensuring that funds are used effectively and only for verified connections.
Private Sector Involvement: The government is leveraging private sector expertise and investment to expand electricity access in rural areas.
Economic Incentives: The model is designed to encourage private operators to expand the network and improve service, as they are rewarded for successful connections.
Tariff Structure: The tariff is set at $18 per kWh, which is higher than the EdM tariff but accepted by the community due to improved service quality.
Pilot Project: The Inhambane concession serves as a pilot project, with the goal of connecting approximately 3,000 households and achieving 50% connectivity in the four towns involved.

Key Information

Concession Area: Includes Vilankulo, Inhassaro, Nova Mambone, and Machanga, with the latter added due to its economic potential.
Subsidy Mechanism: A $400 subsidy per residential connection is provided, while no subsidy is given for business connections.
Legal Framework: The 1997 Electricity Law provides the basis for private concessions, allowing the Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy to award such contracts.
Contract Design: The concession agreement is simple and transparent, with clear risk allocation and performance-based penalties.
Tariff and Indexation: The base tariff is fixed for five years, and may be adjusted later based on fuel costs and exchange rates.
Government Role: The government retains 25% ownership in the concession company and is responsible for monitoring subsidy payments through an energy fund.
Operational Transition: The contract was signed in mid-2004, and operational control was transferred to the private operator in late 2004.
Future Steps: The government is exploring the expansion of the model to other rural areas with similar economic characteristics and low household density.

Lessons Learned

The OBA model can be effective in rural electrification by reducing financial risks and improving service delivery.
Community acceptance is crucial, as demonstrated by the willingness to pay higher tariffs for better service.
Tariff structure should be fixed rather than subsidy-based to avoid pressure from local stakeholders.
Local economic activity and availability of local gas are important attractors for private investment.
Operational efficiency and collection rates can be significantly improved through prepaid metering.

Conclusion

The Inhambane electricity concession represents a successful pilot in using output-based aid to expand access to electricity in rural Mozambique. It has demonstrated the potential of private sector involvement in infrastructure development, especially in areas where public sector capacity is limited. The model is now being considered for wider application across the country to accelerate electrification and improve service quality.

References

Tobich, Ralf. 2002. "Concession Approach for Private Participation in Electricity Supply: Mozambique Case Study." Paper presented at Global Forum on Sustainable Energy, Third Meeting, Graz, Austria, November 27-29. EMCON Consulting Group, Windhoek, Namibia.
World Bank. 2004. World Development Indicators 2004. Washington, D.C.

About OBApproaches

OBApproaches is a forum for discussing and disseminating recent experiences and innovations in supporting basic service delivery to the poor.
It focuses on output or performance-based approaches in sectors such as water, energy, telecommunications, transport, health, and education in developing countries.
The case studies are presented by the authors in agreement with the GPOBA management team and are not attributed to GPOBA donors, the World Bank, or any other affiliated organizations.