2021-10-31-国际战略研究中心-制造商的困境_大流行世界中的再就业和恢复力（英）_36页_1002kb

The Manufacturer’s Dilemma: Reshoring and Resiliency in a Pandemic World

This report examines the challenges and strategies faced by manufacturers during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on supply chain resilience, reshoring, and nearshoring. It analyzes two critical industries—transformers and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems—to provide case studies on how firms respond to disruptions.

Key findings include:

• Supply Chain Dynamics: Both industries faced issues like labor shortages, raw material price volatility (e.g., steel, copper, aluminum), transportation bottlenecks, and changing demand.
• Resilience vs. Reshoring: Companies prioritized supply chain resiliency (e.g., diversifying suppliers, using digital tools) over reshoring due to high costs, limited domestic capacity, and existing global supply chain advantages.
• Nearshoring: Many firms adopted nearshoring (e.g., moving production to Mexico) to reduce costs and risks from traditional reliance on Asia.
• Government Policies: Protectionist measures, such as tariffs, were viewed as counterproductive by most firms, though some tax incentives and investments in clean energy infrastructure could boost demand.
• Industry Insights: Labor shortages persist in both sectors, exacerbated by the pandemic, and digitalization has played a role in enhancing resilience.

The conclusion emphasizes that protecting supply chain openness and flexibility is key to mitigating future disruptions, even amid evolving global trade policies.