2020年自动驾驶汽车成熟度指数（英文版）_70页_3mb

2020 Autonomous Vehicles Readiness Index Summary

Core Content

The 2020 Autonomous Vehicles Readiness Index (AVRI) evaluates the preparedness of 30 countries and jurisdictions for the adoption of autonomous vehicles (AVs). It combines 28 individual measures across four pillars: Policy and Legislation, Technology and Innovation, Infrastructure, and Consumer Acceptance. The report highlights the progress made in AV development and the challenges that remain, offering insights for governments and organizations involved in road transport.

Main Points

• AVRI Purpose: To assess the readiness of countries and jurisdictions for AV adoption, including regulatory, technological, infrastructural, and consumer readiness.
• Index Methodology: The index uses a composite score derived from 28 measures, with some updated based on new insights into AV enablers like telecommunications.
• Key Challenges: Safety, privacy, digital infrastructure, and cross-border coordination are critical to AV adoption.
• Global Trends: AVs are being tested in public transport, logistics, and mining, with a growing focus on shared and public transport solutions.
• Impact of AVs: AVs have the potential to reduce road fatalities, improve traffic efficiency, and provide more accessible transport, especially in remote or densely populated areas.
• Pandemic Influence: The pandemic may accelerate AV adoption due to the need for contactless, reliable transport solutions.

Top Countries and Jurisdictions

Key Highlights

• Singapore leads the AVRI for the first time, excelling in policy and legislation and consumer acceptance. It has expanded AV testing to all public roads in western Singapore and is planning to introduce driverless buses by 2022.
• The Netherlands retains the top spot in infrastructure, with the highest number of EV charging stations per capita and strong AV pilot programs.
• Norway has increased AV use, with more driverless bus routes and a higher speed limit for AVs. The country also leads in EV adoption due to high taxes on internal combustion engines.
• United States is second to Israel in technology and innovation, with numerous AV company headquarters and continued dominance in AV development.
• Finland has the best AV-specific regulations and a robust legal system. It also leads in digital skills and uses AVs in public transport.

New Countries in AVRI 2020

• Belgium (21st): Launched its first AV bus demonstration at Brussels airport in 2019.
• Chile (27th): Conducted AV trials in mining and launched Latin America's first public AV pilot in Santiago.
• Denmark (10th): Allows AV testing on all public roads and started its first driverless bus service in March 2020.
• Italy (24th): Introduced AV testing rules and an observatory in 2018, with trials beginning in 2019.
• Taiwan (13th): Focuses on testing AVs on mixed-use roads and plans to trial driverless buses at night to address driver shortages.

Key Enablers of AV Adoption

• Safety: AVs can reduce road fatalities by addressing human error. Countries like Sweden and Singapore are leading in safety-focused policies.
• Privacy: Connected AVs collect significant data, raising privacy concerns. The EU has strict privacy standards, while some countries like China prioritize communal use over individual privacy.
• Digital Infrastructure: High-quality digital mapping, sensor networks, and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication are essential for AV deployment. Level 4 AVs may require geo-fencing due to infrastructure limitations.
• Transport Systems: AVs are being used to enhance shared and public transport, reduce driver shortages, and improve traffic efficiency.
• Cross-Border Travel: International standardization is needed for AVs to operate across borders, especially in terms of regulations and insurance.

Impact on Society

• AVs have the potential to transform transport systems, reduce congestion, and provide more accessible mobility for all.
• The AVRI highlights the importance of collaboration between governments, private sector, and technology firms to overcome challenges and accelerate AV adoption.
• The report suggests that AVs could play a crucial role in maintaining delivery networks and public transport during the pandemic, especially in areas with limited human resources.

Future Outlook

• The AVRI emphasizes that while progress is being made, many countries still have opportunities to improve their readiness.
• The pandemic may accelerate AV adoption due to the need for contactless and efficient transport solutions.
• The report encourages a balanced approach to AV implementation, ensuring safety, efficiency, and privacy are addressed in parallel.

Conclusion

The 2020 AVRI reflects the growing maturity of AV technology and the increasing global effort to implement it safely and effectively. While some countries are leading in specific areas, the report underscores the need for continued investment in digital infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and public acceptance to realize the full potential of autonomous vehicles.