2025-06-29-IMF-探索西班牙提前退休的决定因素_西班牙（英）_29页_1mb

Spain faces significant fiscal challenges due to its aging population, increased longevity, and high early retirement rates. Despite recent pension reforms raising the retirement age and boosting employment among older workers, factors like deteriorating health, family care responsibilities, and limited work flexibility continue to drive early labor force exit. A Multinomial Logit model analysis shows that health issues, gender disparities, education levels, and unemployment support programs significantly impact decisions to retire early.

Policy recommendations include improving health outcomes, enhancing work flexibility (e.g., reduced hours or telework), supporting family caregivers through fiscal incentives, and reforming unemployment benefits to encourage re-entry into the labor force. Further action is needed to address structural barriers and skill mismatch to foster longer careers and mitigate age-related employment gaps.

In conclusion, accelerating older workers' participation requires a multi-faceted approach combining pension reforms, health interventions, flexible work arrangements, and enhanced social support programs.