2015-03-02-世界卫生组织-Influenza_at_the_human-animal_interface_summary_and_assessment,_3_March_2015_8页_378kb

Avian Influenza A(H5N1): As of 3 March 2015, 784 laboratory-confirmed human cases of A(H5N1) were reported globally, with 429 deaths. Egypt reported 66 new cases (including 13 fatalities) since 26 January 2015, linked to poultry exposure. Risk of community-level transmission remains low, but increased outbreaks in poultry raise concerns; a WHO/FAO/OIE mission is planned. Cases showed median age 26 years, mostly under 75, with hospitalization and antiviral treatment.

Avian Influenza A(H7N9): Total 602 cases (227 deaths) worldwide, primarily in China, with no significant genetic changes. Exposure to live poultry is key, and human-to-human transmission is unlikely.

Avian Influenza A(H9N2): Limited cases (2 in China, 1 in Egypt), mostly mild symptoms, with low public health risk due to no easy human transmission.

Other Viruses: Influenza A(H1N1)v had a single new case in the US since the last risk assessment, with no community-level spread risk. Various H5 subtypes detected in birds worldwide, but no widespread human infections except for H5N1 and sporadic cases.

Overall Risk Assessment: No substantial change in public health risk; all viruses from poultry require strong surveillance and control at animal-human interfaces to prevent community spread.