2011年-世界发展银行全球_Sierra_Leone___Public_Expenditure_Review_for_Water_and_Sanitation_2002_to_2009_56页_1mb

报告摘要

Public Expenditure Review for Water and Sanitation in Sierra Leone (2002-2009)

Core Content

This report provides an analysis of public expenditure in the water and sanitation (WSS) sector of Sierra Leone from 2002 to 2009. It examines the legal and institutional framework, sector performance, funding sources, budget execution, and efficiency of expenditure, with recommendations for improving service delivery.

Main Points

1. Sector Overview

Water Supply: Defined as the supply, distribution, and usage of water for drinking, food preparation, and hygiene.
Sanitation: Defined as the sanitary disposal of liquid waste and promotion of hygienic practices.
Scope: The review excludes solid waste management, water resource management (hydro-power, agriculture, etc.), and river basin management.

2. Sector Performance

Access to Water: In 2008, 50% of the population had access to improved water sources, with most relying on protected dug wells and public taps.
Access to Sanitation: Only 13% of the population had access to improved sanitation in 2008, with pit latrines being the main facility.
Urban vs Rural: Urban areas have better access than rural ones, with over 80% of urban dwellers having improved water sources, while rural access was 35% in 2008.
MDG Targets: Sierra Leone is unlikely to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets for halving the number of people without access to water and sanitation by 2015.

3. Public Expenditure

Total Expenditure (2002-2009): US$50 million over 8 years, or US$6 million annually.
Percentage of Total Public Expenditure: 1.8% (comparable to other sub-Saharan African countries).
Percentage of GDP: 0.2%.
Donor Dependency: 80% of WSS expenditures were from external donors, with internal funding ranging from $0.6 million to $1.7 million per year.
Funding Focus: Donor funds were more directed towards rural areas, while internal funds were mainly used for urban services.

4. Budget Execution

Execution Rate (2002-2009): Average of 39.4%.
Comparison with Sub-Saharan Countries: Lower than the regional average of ~60%.
Impact on Projects: Delays in fund release from both government and donors, along with limited institutional capacity and procurement skills, have affected project implementation and led to cost overruns.

5. Policy and Institutional Framework

Decentralization Challenges: Despite the 2004 Local Government Act, responsibilities for water supply have not been fully devolved to local governments due to lack of capacity and resistance from central ministries.
Policy Inconsistencies: The 2007 National Water and Sanitation Policy (NWSP) has not fully resolved responsibilities, especially for sanitation.
Need for Institutional Reform: A clear institutional framework is essential for effective funding allocation and implementation.

Key Findings

Low Access: Access to improved water and sanitation remains low, with urban areas better served than rural ones.
Donor Dependency: Donors cover the majority of WSS funding, while internal resources are limited and inconsistent.
Budget Execution Delays: Delays in fund release and poor capacity have led to low execution rates and cost overruns.
Insufficient Investment: Current public expenditure only covers 10-25% of the investment needed to meet MDG targets.
Cost Recovery Issues: Household cost recovery is insufficient, and there is no formal private sector involvement in WSS financing.

Recommendations

Improve Monitoring and Evaluation: Develop standardized definitions and reporting systems to better track performance and outcomes.
Enhance Funding Allocation: Increase funding for rural water supply and decrease central budgets as responsibilities are devolved.
Strengthen Government Capacity: Improve project cycle management, procurement, and auditing functions at all levels of government.
Increase Donor Coordination: Promote donor harmonization and pooling of resources to optimize funding and reduce delays.
Focus on Cost Recovery: Increase tariffs and improve billing and collection ratios to support sustainable service delivery.
Clarify Institutional Roles: Establish a lead agency for sanitation and ensure clear responsibilities across all levels of government.

Conclusion

Sierra Leone remains one of the poorest countries in the world, with limited progress in improving access to water and sanitation. Public expenditure in the sector is insufficient and inefficient, with a heavy reliance on donor funding and weak institutional frameworks. To achieve better service delivery, the government must strengthen its capacity, improve monitoring and evaluation, and ensure more effective and predictable budget execution. Donor coordination and alignment with national priorities are also critical to the success of the sector.

Annexes and Figures

Annex 1: Budgets for WSS in Sierra Leone (2002-2009).
Annex 2: GVWC revenue, expenditure, and cash flows (2002-2009).
Annex 3: SALWACO performance in provincial towns (2008).
Annex 4: Persons met during the review.
Annex 5: Documents reviewed.
Figures: Include data on access to water and sanitation, funding sources, and execution rates.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACF: Action Contre Faim (NGO)
CLTS: Community-led Total Sanitation
DHS: Demographic and Health Survey
MDG: Millennium Development Goal
NWSP: National Water and Sanitation Policy
IFMIS: Integrated Financial Management Information System
DAD: Development Assistance Database
WSS: Water Supply and Sanitation
GOED: Government of Sierra Leone
SALWACO: Sierra Leone Water Company
GVWC: Guma Valley Water Company

Currency Equivalents

1 US$ = 4,000 Leones
Fiscal Year: January 1 – December 31

Summary of Sector Challenges

Low Access: Despite efforts, access to improved water and sanitation remains low.
Donor Dependency: Heavy reliance on donor funds limits sustainability.
Institutional Weakness: Lack of capacity in local governments and central ministries.
Budget Execution Delays: Fund release delays and inefficiencies hinder progress.
Need for Reforms: A clearer institutional framework and more effective use of resources are essential.

展开完整摘要