2022-07-05-世界卫生组织-Immunization_Kazakhstan_2022_country_profile_18页_372kb

Analysis Summary: WHO and UNICEF Immunization Coverage Estimates for Kazakhstan (2021 Revision)

Overview

This report details the WHO and UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage in Kazakhstan as of the 2021 revision, released July 8, 2022. The estimates are based on a combination of reported administrative data, survey-based information, and coverage assessments from national authorities. The methodology involves evaluating data quality and confidence levels (GoC), ranging from well-supported to unsupported, with no uncertainty intervals provided. Coverage estimates vary by vaccine and year due to factors like reporting inconsistencies and stock-outs. The next data revision is available on July 15, 2023.

Key findings from 2010 to 2021 include high coverage in most routine immunizations but periodic dips due to national-level vaccine shortages, particularly in vaccines like DTP3, HepB3, and Hib3. Data sources are primarily from official reports and surveys, with Kazakhstän Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and other studies incorporated for supplementary data in specific years. All estimates should be used cautiously, balancing confidence levels against potential data biases and missing information.

Immunization Coverage Estimates (for 2021 Revision)

The following summary highlights key metrics for major vaccines based on the provided data. Estimates are sourced from WHO and UNICEF reports, which prioritize independently verifiable data and recalculate denominators using UN population data.

• BCG Coverage (percentage of births receiving BCG vaccine): Ranged from 87% to 99% across years, with a 2021 estimate of not available (due to interpolation) but indicated as data-matched and independent. Administrative data from 2010 to 2021 showed consistency around 95-98%.
• DTP1 Coverage (percentage of infants receiving first dose of diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis vaccine): Generally maintained above 90% since 2010, with estimates from 87% to 99%, and a 2021 estimate of 98% based on administrative data, subject to possible bias (GoC moderate). Confidence noted due to lack of recent independent assessments.
• DTP3 (or Pol3) Coverage (percentage of infants receiving third dose of polio-containing vaccines; annualized estimate): Dips occurred in certain years due to stock-outs; 2021 estimate was not available (NA) based on administrative data, likely intermediate or low confidence from data patterns. Overall range: 82% to 101%.
• IPV1 Coverage (percentage of infants receiving at least one dose of inactivated polio vaccine): Data available from 2015 onward; 2021 estimate not available but approximated from trends, with coverage around 95% before 2017. Stock-outs noted in 2016-2017.
• MCV1 Coverage (percentage of infants receiving first dose of measles-containing vaccine): Consistently high, around 95% from 2011 to 2021; 2021 estimate based on administrative data, but less confidence flagged by mismatches. One survey showed slightly lower figures, with usage timing being a factor.
• MCV2 Coverage (percentage of children receiving second dose of measles-containing vaccine): Coverage has been near 100% in recent years; no 2021 data specified but overall estimated percentages show high numbers.
• HepBB Coverage (percentage of births receiving hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours): Reported high coverage pre-2010, averaging around 95%, with no specific 2021 figure but confidence warnings.
• HepB3 Coverage (percentage of infants receiving third dose of hepatitis B-containing vaccine): Had lower estimates, with 2021 not available; ranged from 87% to 99% due to tracking issues and stock-outs.
• Other Vaccines: Surveys for RCV1 were inferred from MCV data, HepB3 and Hib3 had inconsistent reporting, and RotaC and PcV3 estimates were sparse or unavailable. Data gaps were noted for some vaccines.

Trend and Caution

• Immunization coverage in Kazakhstan has been generally high across most programs, exceeding 90% in many recent years. However, periodic deficits due to reported national stock-outs (e.g., in DTP3, HepB3, and others) were observed, particularly from 2015 to 2017.
• Methodological challenges include unreported stock-outs, potential biases in administrative data, and the reliance on local schedules that may affect targets. Most estimates use conventional figures from decades of reporting but are increasingly called into question due to alignment gaps with empirical surveys.
• The 2021 estimates depend heavily on 2020-2021 administrative data, with limited independent validation since 2015, affecting confidence in some areas. Comprehensive assessments recommended for verifying reported coverage levels.
• For further details, refer to official data sources like UNICEF or WHO portals, which host complete historical records.

Note: Due to data gaps, some estimates like HepB3 and DTP3 are uncertain.