2021-10-14-IRENA-Renewables_and_Electricity_Storage_56页_2mb

Renewable Energy and Electricity Storage: Key Findings from REmap 2030 Roadmap

Overview

IRENA’s technology roadmap on electricity storage examines strategies to facilitate higher renewable energy deployment. Electricity storage enables system flexibility, supports grid stability, and is essential for integrating variable renewable energy sources (VRE) like solar and wind power.

Priority Areas for Action

The roadmap identifies five priority areas with specific actions:

1. System Analysis for Storage

   • Engage stakeholders to guide policy.
   • Provide systemic value assessments for storage deployment.
   • Support system analysis of electricity, heat, fuel, or productive uses as storage options.

2. Storage in Islands and Remote Areas

   • Facilitate financing mechanisms (e.g., loans, incentives).
   • Create local value chains for maintenance and recycling.
   • Develop a global database of practical examples.
   • Guide policymakers with analytical tools.

3. Consumer-Located Storage

   • Produce informational sheets and labeling for products.
   • Accelerate standards on safety and recycling.
   • Establish legal frameworks for data ownership and liability.

4. Storage Coupled to Renewable Power Generation

   • Support innovative regulation (e.g., tariffs, balancing markets).
   • Promote localized/distributed storage systems.

5. Storage in Transmission and Distribution Grids

   • Analyze pumped-storage hydroelectricity and CAES.
   • Support demonstration projects for new business models (e.g., microgrids).

Key Challenges and Recommendations

• Cost-Compettiveness: Advanced battery technologies (e.g., lithium-ion) are declining in cost due to manufacturing scale and competition.
• Market Barriers: Policy needs to incentivize storage deployment beyond renewable energy policies.
• Multi-Functionality: Storage systems can provide grid services, but regulatory frameworks must enable multiple uses.
• Technology Development: Research and industrial capacity (e.g., battery recycling) are critical for sustainability and deployment.

Market Potential

• Global energy storage capacity growth is projected to reach 240 GW by 2020 (excluding pumped-hydro and car batteries).
• Residential storage systems in Germany are approaching grid parity in cost-effectiveness.

Indicators for Tracking Progress

• Technology Indicators: Cost per kWh, cycle life, energy density.
• Value Indicators: Share of renewable power generation boosted by storage, reduction in curtailment, grid stability improvements.

Conclusion

Electricity storage is vital for renewable energy integration. Key actions include international cooperation, innovative financing, policy frameworks, and market incentives to unlock storage’s potential in grids, distributed systems, and industrial applications.