2025-05-06-世界银行-利用数字化转型提高产权机构效率_来自85个国家的概念背景和证据（英）_53页_1mb

Capitalizing on Digital Transformation to Enhance the Effectiveness of Property Institutions

Introduction

The study explores how digital transformation enhances the effectiveness of property institutions, which are pillars of state capacity and private market activity. Secure property rights reduce investment risks and enable access to credit and insurance, thereby fostering economic growth. This working paper provides actionable indicators and data from 85 countries to guide policy reforms and measure progress.

Key Findings

Digital Transformation’s Impact

• Cost and Efficiency: Digitization reduces registration costs and time but depends on legal design and regulatory clarity. For instance, digital record adoption (quadrupled between 2005–2020) alone does not guarantee efficiency without harmonized workflows.
• Governance and Inclusivity: Digital technologies improve transparency and reduce contestation by creating auditable trails. Countries like Rwanda see increases in women’s land ownership via digital registries.
• Interoperability: Linking property registries with tax, financial, and cadastral databases supports better market functioning (e.g., credit access) and public service delivery.

Interoperability and Access

• Global Progress: ECA shows near-universal digital integration, while Africa lags (only 20% have national digital coverage). Latecomers like Rwanda outperform developed nations in certain aspects.
• Digital Barriers: Lack of interoperability (with IDs, courts, and land records) reduces transaction efficiency. MENA and Africa show deficits in e-signatures and digital verification.

Scope, Coverage, and Taxation

• National Scope Matters: Effective coverage (public and private) is essential. Links to price data via APIs enable computer-assisted valuation, increasing tax progressivity.
• Property Taxation: Countries with integrated tax and cadastral systems (e.g., EAP, MENA) collect higher revenues. Property taxes improve accountability and fund public goods.

Policy Implications and Recommendations

• Legislative Clarity: Mandate e-signatures and interoperability to ensure auditability and efficiency.
• Targeted Digitization: Prioritize urban areas due to higher economic impact and infrastructure readiness. Use pilot programs in partial coverage zones.
• Monitoring Tools: Implement indicators for service delivery, market access, and equitable outcomes to track progress and share best practices globally.

Conclusion

Digital transformation offers immense potential to enhance property institutions but requires strong legal frameworks, interoperability, and strategic implementation. Collaboration and experience-sharing are vital for developing nations to bridge the digital divide and unlock enduring economic and social benefits.