2024-09-09-亚开行-2021年亚太地区国际比较项目_购买力平价与实际支出——总结报告（英）_126页_2mb

2021 International Comparison Program for Asia and the Pacific: Summary Report

Core Content

The 2021 International Comparison Program (ICP) for Asia and the Pacific, led by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), provides purchasing power parities (PPPs), real expenditures, and price level indexes for 21 participating economies. This report highlights the program's structure, methodology, and key findings, emphasizing the importance of PPPs in international economic comparisons.

Main Points

1. Overview of the ICP

• The ICP is a global statistical initiative that produces reliable PPP estimates, price levels, and real expenditures, following international standards set by the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC).
• The ICP transitioned from a 6-year cycle to a 3-year interval after the 2017 round, with the next cycle initially scheduled for 2020.
• The 2021 ICP was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, shifting the benchmark year from 2020 to 2021.
• ADB has served as the Regional Implementing Agency (RIA) for Asia and the Pacific in the ICP since 2005, including the 2021 cycle.

2. Participating Economies

• 21 economies from Asia and the Pacific participated in the 2021 ICP cycle.
• These include: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Viet Nam.
• OECD members such as Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, and New Zealand are not part of the Asia and the Pacific ICP, as they are included in the OECD-led PPP comparisons.

3. Methodology and Governance

• The ICP is governed by a Regional Advisory Board and a Technical Advisory Group (TAG).
• ADB developed a new hybrid approach for measuring comparison-resistant housing services, combining the rental and volume approaches.
• This method was endorsed by the Regional Advisory Board and the ICP Technical Advisory Group, replacing the previous nonstandard reference volume approach.

4. Key Results

• The 21 economies of Asia and the Pacific account for over half of the global population and $27% of the world's nominal GDP and $35% of the world's real GDP in PPP terms.
• The report includes GDP, household consumption, government expenditure, and capital formation data, both in nominal and real terms, using PPP.
• Lorenz curves and price level indexes are presented to analyze income distribution and price changes across the region.

5. Applications and Importance

• PPPs are essential for accurate international comparisons of economic size and living standards.
• The data from the 2021 ICP cycle and the 2017 ICP revisions offer valuable insights into the economic conditions before and after the pandemic.
• The 2021 ICP results are available online at https://icp.adb.org, and the World Bank has integrated them into its global ICP results.

Key Information

• Challenges: The pandemic severely disrupted price data collection, with many traditional methods (e.g., face-to-face surveys) affected.
• Innovations: The hybrid approach for housing services improved the accuracy of real expenditure calculations.
• Data Quality: ADB ensured data integrity through virtual meetings, software tools, and rigorous validation processes.
• Policy Relevance: The results are useful for policy-making, economic analysis, and comparative studies across the region.

Structure of the Report

• Chapter 1: Introduction to the ICP in Asia and the Pacific.
• Chapter 2: Explains PPPs, price level indexes, and expenditure measures for intereconomy comparisons.
• Chapter 3: Summary of GDP, household consumption, government expenditure, and capital formation results.
• Chapter 4: Compares 2021 ICP results with 2017 ICP extrapolations.
• Chapter 5: Describes the framework and methods used in the ICP.
• Appendices: Include statistical tables, data sources, and methodological details.
• Glossary: Defines key terms and abbreviations used in the report.

Conclusion

The 2021 ICP for Asia and the Pacific is a critical reference point for understanding the region's economic size, price levels, and living standards in comparison to the rest of the world. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, the participating economies and ADB successfully completed the program, ensuring high-quality data and methodological advancements. The results will serve as a foundation for future economic analyses and policy decisions in the region.