2024-11-08-OECD-2024年全球建筑脱碳政策监测报告-多级方法_106页_3mb

Summary of OECD Global Monitoring of Policies for Decarbonising Buildings: A Multi-level Approach

The OECD report "Global Monitoring of Policies for Decarbonising Buildings: A Multi-level Approach" highlights that buildings are responsible for nearly 40% of global energy-related CO2 emissions, with 70% in urban areas. As urban populations grow to 2.5 billion by 2050, decarbonizing buildings is critical to mitigate climate change. Effective strategies involve a step-by-step approach, multi-level governance, and international collaboration.

Key Findings:

• Current Policy Status: While 54% of surveyed countries have building-related commitments in their NDCs, less than half have concrete quantitative targets or monitoring frameworks at the local level. Most policies focus on energy efficiency (e.g., energy codes, financial incentives), but attention is shifting to whole-life carbon emissions and climate resilience.
• Step-by-Step Approach: Successful decarbonization often begins with preparation, pilot projects, and targeting specific building types (e.g., public buildings or large structures), before scaling up.
• Multi-Level Governance: 93% of countries involve multiple ministries; 82% support local governments. Effective horizontal and vertical coordination enhances policy coherence and implementation.
• Emerging Trends: Future priorities emphasize embodied carbon, circularity, passive cooling, and retrofitting existing buildings, with 76% of countries prioritizing existing over new buildings.
• Challenges: Affordability, standard methodology lack, and conflicts of interest hinder policy implementation.

Recommendations:

1. Develop a Customized Step-by-Step Roadmap: Set clear, measurable goals; involve stakeholders; test strategies incrementally.
2. Adopt a Multi-Level Approach: Foster horizontal ministerial coordination and vertical alignment between national and local governments.
3. Engage in International Collaboration: Share best practices via initiatives like the Chaillot Declaration to accelerate global progress.

By combining incremental policies, coordinated actions across governance levels, and international cooperation, countries can effectively decarbonize buildings and contribute to climate goals.