2010年-世界发展银行全球_Burkina_Faso_-_Promoting_Growth_Competitiveness_and_Diversification___Country_Economic_Memorandum_Volume_1_Main_Report_133页_1mb

Burkina Faso: Promoting Growth, Competitiveness and Diversification

Core Content

This Country Economic Memorandum (CEM), titled "Burkina Faso - Promoting Growth, Competitiveness and Diversification", is a comprehensive analysis aimed at supporting the Government of Burkina Faso in developing a new strategy for faster growth and sustainable development from 2011–2015, known as SCADD (Stratégie pour la Croissance Accélérée et le Développement Durable). The CEM is structured into three volumes and provides insights into economic performance, structural constraints, and policy recommendations for growth, competitiveness, and diversification.

Main Objectives

• To identify future sources of growth and socio-economic challenges and opportunities for Burkina Faso.
• To support the Government in defining a new development model that enhances productivity, competitiveness, and economic diversification.
• To provide actionable policy recommendations for the preparation of the SCADD strategy.

Key Sectors and Themes

1. Cotton Sector

• Cotton is the main export commodity, though gold has emerged as a significant alternative.
• The sector is highly vulnerable to external price fluctuations and requires diversification.
• The AICB (Association interprofessionnelle du coton du Burkina) and UNPCB (National Union of Cotton Producers) play key roles in the sector.
• PRODY (Productivity of the Domestic Economy) and EXPY (Export Potential) metrics are used to evaluate export potential and diversification.

2. Mining Sector

• The MMCE (Ministère des Mines, des Carrières et de l'Energie) and BNLA (National Brigade Against Fraud in the Gold Sector) are central to managing the sector.
• A mining boom has started to diversify the economy, but concerns remain about the sustainability of cotton and the need for better governance in the extractive industries.

3. Agro-Pastoral Production

• The economy remains largely dependent on subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry.
• Intensification and diversification of agro-pastoral production are necessary to improve productivity and reduce vulnerability.

4. Tourism

• A potential emerging sector with opportunities for job creation and absorbing rural migrants.
• The Tourism Sector is underdeveloped but has the potential to contribute to growth.

5. Infrastructure and Trade

• The country faces significant infrastructure constraints, particularly in telecommunications and electricity.
• Exchange rate misalignment and currency mismatch are critical issues for export competitiveness.
• Export promotion institutions and special economic zones (SEZs) are proposed as tools for enhancing competitiveness and diversification.

Key Challenges and Constraints

• Exogenous shocks (e.g., drought, flooding, global economic downturns) negatively impact agricultural production and socio-economic development.
• Real appreciation of the CFA Franc has reduced price competitiveness.
• High fertility rates hinder per-capita growth and social achievements.
• Environmental constraints limit agricultural expansion and challenge food security.
• Household vulnerability prevents the poor from participating in productive economic activities.
• Institutional and human capacity limitations reduce the effectiveness of public policies.

Policy Recommendations

• Promote productivity-led growth in key sectors, including agriculture, mining, and manufacturing.
• Enhance competitiveness through exchange rate management, trade liberalization, and improved business environments.
• Diversify exports beyond cotton, focusing on high PRODY and EXPY products.
• Strengthen financial intermediation and encourage public-private partnerships.
• Develop services such as tourism and urban activities to create jobs.
• Accelerate the demographic transition through family planning and socio-economic policies.
• Improve risk management mechanisms at all levels (macro, meso, micro) to reduce growth volatility.
• Maximize aid and windfall gains through sound public investment in infrastructure.
• Build stronger institutions and human capacity to support effective public policies.

Methodologies and Tools Used

• Product Space Methodology to analyze export diversification.
• MAMS (Maquette for MDG Simulations) for fiscal prioritization and growth analysis.
• PRODY and EXPY to measure export potential.
• DTIS (Diagnostic Trade Integration Study) to assess trade integration and competitiveness.
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for sustainable development.
• Exchange Rate Misalignment Analysis to evaluate the impact of currency dynamics on competitiveness.
• Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) to benchmark Burkina Faso against other countries.

Key Findings

• The previous model of extensive growth has reached its limits.
• Cotton dependency has led to economic vulnerability and growth instability.
• Exchange rate misalignment and price competitiveness are major issues.
• Agricultural intensification and value chain development are critical for long-term growth.
• Foreign direct investment (FDI) is limited despite improvements in the business environment.
• Demographic pressure requires proactive family planning and socio-economic policies.
• Infrastructure gaps need to be addressed to support economic diversification and growth.

Acknowledgements

The CEM was prepared by a team of World Bank staff, international consultants, and Burkinabe counterparts. It incorporates contributions from various stakeholders, including the Government of Burkina Faso, donors, and regional organizations. It also benefits from the input of peer reviewers, technical experts, and capacity-building programs.

Conclusion

The CEM emphasizes the need for a structural transformation of the economy, moving away from reliance on a single export commodity. It outlines a productivity-led growth model, with a focus on diversification, competitiveness, and sustainable development. The report provides a framework for export and investment promotion, risk management strategies, and policy options to enhance fiscal space and institutional effectiveness.