2004年-世界发展银行全球_Transport_Strategy_to_Improve_Accessibility_in_Developing_Countries_9页_517kb

报告摘要

Summary: Transport Strategy to Improve Accessibility in Developing Countries

Core Content

This document outlines the World Bank's approach to addressing the transport accessibility needs of disabled and elderly people in developing countries, emphasizing the importance of inclusive transport systems in reducing poverty and improving social inclusion. It highlights the significant challenges faced by these groups and the limited progress in implementing effective solutions.

Main Challenges for Inclusive Transport

Lack of Data: There is a serious shortage of reliable data on the access and mobility needs of disabled and elderly people, which hinders the development of targeted interventions and the measurement of their impact.
Social and Psychological Barriers: High costs, lack of awareness, and communication difficulties contribute to the exclusion of disabled individuals from transport services.
Structural Barriers: Poor infrastructure, inadequate operations, and lack of accessible information create significant obstacles.
Inadequate Implementation: Even when legislation exists, it is often not enforced or implemented due to weak regulatory frameworks.
Resource Constraints: Governments and private sectors face difficulties in allocating sufficient resources to meet accessibility needs, especially in low-income countries.

Key Points on Disability and Poverty

Disabled people in developing countries are disproportionately poor, facing higher rates of illiteracy, poor nutrition, and unemployment.
Exclusion from transport services limits their ability to participate in economic, social, and political life, increasing their vulnerability to poverty.
Inclusive transport systems can reduce isolation and dependency, thereby improving the quality of life for the disabled and elderly.

Opportunities and Solutions

Low-Cost Interventions: Small, cost-effective measures like kerb inserts, ramps, and larger signs can significantly improve accessibility and benefit all users.
"Win-Win" Interventions: Certain improvements, such as accessible street environments, offer benefits to everyone while addressing the needs of disabled and elderly people.
Incorporating Accessibility in Design: It is more cost-effective to integrate accessibility features into the initial design of transport systems rather than retrofitting them later.
Cost Estimates: About 1% of the combined annual operating and capital costs of a transport system can be sufficient to provide more accessible services, provided regulatory and enforcement mechanisms are in place.

World Bank's Role and Actions

The World Bank Group is committed to fighting poverty and improving living standards in developing countries, and this includes addressing the needs of disabled and elderly people. The Transport Sector plays a key role in this mission by:

Strengthening the focus on accessible environments and inclusive transport systems.
Providing guidance and best practices for policy and planning decisions.
Supporting the development of inclusive transport policies and legislation.
Enhancing data collection and analysis on transport performance and impact, particularly in relation to disability and accessibility.
Encouraging a multi-sectoral community of practice to share knowledge and experiences between transport specialists and other disciplines.

Community of Practice

The World Bank has established a Transport and Social Responsibility Community of Practice to:

Develop and share key indicators for assessing transport sector performance and impact.
Promote good design and practice in planning, design, and implementation of inclusive transport.
Support training and awareness programs for the transport sector and client governments.
Inform policies and legislation for inclusive transport, helping to translate global standards into local action.

Conclusion

Inclusive transport is essential for reducing poverty and improving the lives of disabled and elderly people in developing countries. However, it requires robust data, effective policy implementation, and a commitment to integrating accessibility into all aspects of transport planning and design. The World Bank is actively working to address these challenges and promote best practices through a combination of policy support, data collection, and collaborative initiatives.

References

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Maunder, D.A.C., Venter, C.J., Rickert, T. and J. Sentinella. (2004). Improving transport access and mobility for people with disabilities.
Menckhoff, G. and P. Roberts. (2004). Inclusive Design of Bus Rapid Transit: Experience from Latin America.
Meriläinen, A. and R. Helaakoski. (2001). Transport, Poverty and Disability in Developing Countries.
Metts, Robert. (2000). Disability issues, trends, and recommendations for the World Bank.
Narayan, Deepa with Raj Patel, Kai Schafft, Anne Rademacher and Sarah Koch-Schulte. (2000). Voices of the Poor: Can Anyone Hear Us?
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