2013年-世界发展银行全球_A_National_Framework_for_Sustainable_Urban_Transport_Systems___Proposals_for_Improving_Urban_Transportation_in_Russian_Cities_162页_4mb

Summary of A National Framework for Sustainable Urban Transport Systems

Core Content

This report, commissioned by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation and prepared by the World Bank, outlines a comprehensive national framework aimed at improving the quality and sustainability of urban transport systems in Russia. It focuses on the development of strategic planning, legal and regulatory reforms, the creation of an advisory facility, and the design of a federal targeted program to support urban transport improvement.

Main Objectives

• To address the growing mobility demands in Russian cities that are not met by existing infrastructure and services.
• To develop a coherent and sustainable urban transport system that is financially viable, environmentally friendly, and socially inclusive.
• To create a legal and regulatory framework that supports the effective planning, management, and operation of urban transport.
• To establish a national urban transport advisory facility to provide expert support and capacity building.
• To design a federal targeted program that offers financial assistance and technical support to cities.

Key Areas of Focus

1. Legal and Regulatory Framework

The report emphasizes the need for a coherent legal and regulatory framework to support sustainable urban transport. It identifies several legal impediments, including:

• Institutional responsibilities: Ambiguity in defining urban transport and the distribution of functions among different entities.
• Strategic transport planning: Lack of a unified approach to transport strategy development and integration with urban development codes.
• Traffic management: Insufficient legal foundation and unclear jurisdictional responsibility for road management.
• Parking planning: Inadequate legal status and inconsistent regulation of on- and off-street parking.
• Public transport: Weak regulatory powers, inefficient service procurement processes, and unclear fare structures.

Recommendations:

• Review ongoing legal initiatives.
• Implement a sequenced approach to legal reforms, ensuring alignment with international best practices.
• Clarify the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders in the transport sector.

2. National Urban Transport Advisory Facility

The report proposes the establishment of a Federal Information and Analytical Center for Development of Transport Systems, which would serve as a national-level advisory body. Its key functions include:

• Compiling and disseminating data and knowledge.
• Developing and implementing training and capacity-building programs.
• Conducting research to benefit all Russian cities.
• Administering the Federal Targeted Program.

Proposed Organizational Models:

• Single-Facilitator Model: A centralized national facility.
• Dual-Facilitator Model: Combines a national facility with a program administrator.
• State Research and Advisory Institute Model: A research-based institution.
• Direct Package Contracting Model: Ministry as the facilitator.

Implementation Phases:

• Phase 1: Start-up team within the Ministry of Transport.
• Phase 2: Transition to an initial form of the facility.
• Phase 3: Maturing into a fully functioning facility.

Staffing and Funding:

• Staffing requirements and training needs are outlined.
• A financial model is proposed to support the facility’s operations.

3. Federal Targeted Program

The report outlines a Federal Targeted Program to provide financial and technical support to Russian cities. It includes:

• Program Objectives: Improve traffic management, public transport, and non-motorized transport systems.
• Sub-Programs:
  • Traffic management improvements.
  • Passenger public transport improvements.
  • Preparation of eligible capital investment projects.
  • Reform of public transport franchise contracts.
  • Design and implementation of city-wide on-street parking systems.
  • Non-motorized transport investments.
  • Technical assistance for specific projects.

Important Principles:

• Funds Allocation Rules: Transparent and merit-based allocation of federal funds.
• Grant Conditionality: Ensuring that funded projects meet specific criteria and performance standards.

Implementation Requirements:

• Phased implementation.
• Municipality eligibility criteria.
• Application, selection, and project evaluation processes.
• Monitoring and supervision mechanisms.
• Institutional arrangements involving the Ministry of Transport, federal program administrator, oblast governments, and municipalities.

Key Information

• The report was prepared by the World Bank team led by Jung Eun Oh, with support from various consultants and specialists.
• It was conducted in collaboration with the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation and based on data and insights from 22 cities and 8 municipalities.
• The report includes annexes that provide detailed legal reviews, international examples, and technical guidelines for implementing the proposed framework.
• The focus is on creating a national-level framework that integrates strategic planning, legal reforms, institutional capacity, and financial support to achieve sustainable urban transport systems.

Conclusion

The report advocates for a multi-faceted approach to improving urban transport in Russia. It highlights the importance of strategic planning, legal and regulatory reform, and the establishment of a national advisory facility and federal program. The goal is to create a sustainable, efficient, and safe urban transport system that meets the growing mobility needs of Russian cities.