2022-08-10-东急-TOD花园城市_114页_8mb

Summary of "Sustainable Development by 'TOD Garden City'"

Core Content

The document discusses Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) as a model for sustainable urban development, with a focus on the Garden City concept and its application in Japan, particularly through private railway companies. It outlines how these companies have historically developed and managed urban areas around railway stations, integrating public transport, urban planning, and community development to create compact, sustainable cities. The concept is also tied to migration patterns, land readjustment projects, and urban renewal strategies.

Main Points

• TOD Overview:
  TOD is a town planning approach centered around public transport, especially railways, to create high-density urban areas that are sustainable, livable, and environmentally friendly. The goal is to reduce urban sprawl and promote compact cities with high accessibility and mixed-use development.

• Garden City Concept:
  Inspired by Ebenezer Howard's original vision of a poly-centric urban structure, the Garden City model aims to create self-contained communities that are pleasant and environmentally friendly. In Japan, this model is adapted through "Ensen" (Garden City), a railway-oriented development that integrates urban life with rail transport.

• Private Railways as Developers:
  Private railway companies in Japan, such as Tobu, Seibu, Keio, Odakyu, and others, have played a central role in TOD development. They have created "Garden Cities" around their stations, developing urban areas that are self-sufficient, attractive to residents, and supporting economic growth.

• Land Readjustment Method:
  This is a key strategy used by private railways to develop land without purchasing it outright. By forming partnerships with landlords and organizing development corporations, they have been able to transform rural areas into urban spaces, creating a communication platform between developers and communities. This method is crucial for post-development management.

• Migration and Urban Development:
  The document highlights the migration patterns in China using cellphone positioning data to understand migration origins and destinations. In Japan, migration to and from Guangdong is also discussed, emphasizing the role of railways in urban mobility and development.

• Examples of TOD in Japan:

  • Den-en-toshi Line and Tama Garden City are key examples of railway-oriented development.
  • Shibuya is highlighted as a sub-centre terminal with high-density development and mixed-use areas such as Shibuya Hikarie, Shibuya Scramble Square, and Shibuya Stream.
  • Futako-Tamagawa RISE and Minamimachida Project illustrate urban regeneration and railway-led development with commercial, residential, and recreational functions.

• TOD and Sustainable Development:
  The document emphasizes the importance of TOD in creating resilient communities that are carbon neutral, disaster/pandemic ready, and support a circular economy. It also discusses post-COVID-19 urban planning and the need for compact, high-density cities that are adaptive and sustainable.

Key Information

• TOD in Japan is primarily driven by private railway companies, which develop urban areas around their stations.
• Land readjustment is a collaborative approach that allows developers to progress projects with landlords and local governments.
• Shibuya, Den-en-toshi, and Futako-Tamagawa are key areas in Tokyo that have been developed as TOD examples.
• The "Green Peas" structure refers to the linear development of Garden Cities along railway lines, creating connected urban environments.
• Urban core development involves enhancing the functionality of stations and surrounding areas, attracting residents, and improving urban life.
• The "New Normal" era post-COVID-19 requires TOD to be disaster and pandemic ready, with high-rise and optimized density as key features.

Conclusion

The document provides a comprehensive overview of TOD in Japan, emphasizing the role of private railways in urban development, sustainability, and community resilience. It highlights the Garden City model, land readjustment, and migration trends as essential components of sustainable urban planning. The focus on compact, high-density cities with mixed-use development and environmental sustainability is central to the vision of a sustainable future.