2009年-世界发展银行全球_Clean_Technology_Fund_Investment_Plan_Approved_for_Concentrated_Solar_Power_in_the_MENA_Region_4页_696kb

MENA Knowledge and Learning - Quick Notes Series

Clean Technology Fund Investment Plan Approved for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) in the MENA Region

Core Content

The Clean Technology Fund (CTF) has approved an Investment Plan to support the deployment of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) in the MENA region, with a focus on Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Tunisia. The plan involves co-financing of $750 million and mobilizing an additional $4.85 billion from other sources to accelerate CSP expansion. This initiative aims to leverage the unique geographical, technical, and market advantages of the MENA region to promote CSP as a viable, low-carbon energy solution.

Main Objectives

• Enable Climate Mitigation: Utilize MENA's favorable geographical conditions to contribute to global climate change mitigation through CSP.
• Scale CSP Deployment: Support the deployment of about 1 Gigawatt (GW) of CSP generation capacity, representing approximately 15% of the global CSP pipeline and doubling the worldwide installed capacity.
• Enhance Transmission Infrastructure: Develop associated transmission infrastructure in the Maghreb and Mashreq to support domestic supply and exports, contributing to the Mediterranean grid enhancement.
• Leverage Investments: Mobilize over $3 billion in public and private investments, tripling current global CSP investments.
• Achieve Development Goals: Assist MENA countries in achieving energy security, industrial growth, and regional integration through CSP expansion.

Key Advantages of CSP in MENA

• Geographical Suitability: MENA has some of the best solar conditions globally, including abundant sunshine, low precipitation, and unused land near transmission networks.
• Cost-Effectiveness Potential: CSP has high cost-reduction potential due to economies of scale, technical improvements, and increased market competition.
• Market Growth: Electricity demand in the region is growing faster than in other parts of the world, creating a strong incentive for renewable energy adoption.
• Policy Support: Several countries have implemented or are planning policies and financial mechanisms to support CSP, such as feed-in tariffs and reform programs for energy subsidies.

GHG Reduction Potential

The proposed CSP projects are expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 1.7 million tons of CO₂-equivalent annually, which is about 1% of the total energy sector emissions from these countries. If successful and replicated, the global impact could be much larger.

Demonstration and Learning

• The program is regional in structure but has global objectives, aiming to accelerate institutional learning and cost reductions.
• Learning curves suggest that CSP costs can be reduced by 12% for each doubling of capacity, with annual reductions projected at 2–3%.
• The project pipeline includes 11 commercial-scale power plants over a 3–5 year timeframe, creating the critical mass needed for private sector involvement and organizational learning.

Development Impact

• Energy Security: CSP development can reduce dependence on imported fuels, enhancing energy security and economic stability.
• Job Creation: ESTELA estimates that 20 GW of CSP could create 235,280 jobs, including 80,000 in manufacturing, 120,000 in construction, and 35,280 in operations and maintenance.
• Economic Benefits: CSP can generate "green electricity" exports, which bring in revenue and support the expansion of renewable energy within domestic markets.
• Manufacturing Growth: The assurance of large-scale demand may make manufacturing of CSP components (e.g., mirrors and receiver tubes) viable in the region.

Implementation Potential

• Policy Reforms: Countries have taken steps to address energy subsidies and develop supportive policies for renewable energy.
• Renewable Targets: Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Tunisia have set ambitious renewable energy targets, with CSP playing a central role.
• Transmission Projects: The investment plan includes two transmission projects to enable CSP exports to Europe, addressing regional and international energy trade challenges.

Additional Costs and Risk Mitigation

• CSP is currently not economically competitive with fossil fuels due to high initial capital costs.
• The CTF Investment Plan aims to provide concessional and carbon financing to make CSP cost-competitive with wind power.
• The plan also includes measures to reduce the need for additional donor support by adjusting local sales prices for exported energy.

Result Indicators

• At least 1.7 million tons of CO₂-equivalent GHG reductions annually.
• Approximately 900 MW of installed CSP capacity by 2020.
• Mobilization of $4.85 billion in co-finance, including sufficient concessional financing for project viability.
• Declining cost of solar field components.

Contact Information

• Emmanuel Mbi – Director, MNA Operational Core Services Unit
• David Steel – Manager, MNA Development Effectiveness Unit
• Regional Quick Notes Team: Omer Karasapan, Roby Fields, Najat Yamouri, and Aliya Jalloh
• Tel#: (202) 473 8177

Note: The MNA Quick Notes are intended to summarize lessons learned from MNA and other Bank Knowledge and Learning activities. The Notes do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board, or its member countries.