战略与国际研究中心-Hemisphere-Focus_-A-Guide-to-the-July-3,-2005,-Mexico-State-Gubernatorial-Election_13页_251kb

Summary of the July 3, 2005, Mexico State Gubernatorial Election

Core Content

The July 3, 2005, Mexico State (Edomex) gubernatorial election was considered a critical indicator of the 2006 presidential contest due to its significance in reflecting national political trends. Edomex, the most populous and largest voter base in Mexico, served as a microcosm of the country's political landscape and social issues, making it a key battleground for major parties.

Main Political Parties and Candidates

Parties Involved

• Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
• National Action Party (PAN)
• Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD)
• PVEM (Partido Verde Ecologista de México)
• PT (Partido de la Revolución Democrática)

Candidates

1. Enrique Peña Nieto (PRI + PVEM)

   • Born on July 20, 1966, in Atlacomulco.
   • Professional background: Law degree, business administration studies, professor at UNAM, notary public, state secretary of administration.
   • Political activities: Joined PRI in 1987, served as national and state political counselor, founder of the state Institute of Political Training and Development, and member of the state legislature.
   • Major supporters: Governor Montiel, key members of his team, and the PRI establishment (except Isidro Pastor).

2. Rubén Mendoza Ayala (PAN + Convergencia)

   • Born on February 2, 1961, in Tlalnepantla.
   • Professional background: Law degree, advanced studies in comparative politics, coordinator of municipal promotion, private secretary to the commissioner of the National Migration Institute.
   • Political activities: Former PRI member, joined PAN in 1996, city councilman, municipal president of Tlalnepantla (1999–2002), and federal deputy (1997–1999, 2003–present).
   • Major supporters: First Lady Marta Sahagún, ex-PAN president Luis Felipe Bravo Mena, former state party president Isidro Pastor Medrano, and political figures like Carlos Salomón Cámara and Eduardo Robledo Rincón.

3. Yeidckol Polevinsky Gurwitz (PRD + PT)

   • Born on January 25, 1958, in Mexicali, B.C.
   • Professional background: Psychology degree, president of Canacintra.
   • Political activities: Political independent.
   • Major supporters: Mexico City Mayor López Obrador, ex-PRD governor of Zacatecas, Ricardo Monreal.

Key Information

Election Context

• Office to be filled: Governor
• Outgoing Governor: Arturo Montiel Rojas (PRI), born on October 15, 1943, in Atlacomulco.
• Election Date: July 3, 2005
• Inauguration Date: September 15, 2005

Demographics and Socioeconomic Overview

• Capital: Toluca
• Major Cities: Ecatepec (1.6 million), Nezahualcóyotl (1.2 million), Naucalpan (858,711), Tlalnepantla (721,415), Toluca (666,596)
• Population (May 25, 2005): 14,925,408 (grows by one person every two minutes)
• GDP (2002): 603,389 billion pesos (62.5 billion dollars), representing 9.64% of the national GDP.
• Main Export Products: Automobiles, auto parts, electrical products, machinery, plastic goods, tools, chemical products, and clothing.
• Main Export Markets: U.S. (67.7%), Canada (2.68%), Guatemala (2.04%), Venezuela (1.87%), Benelux (1.58%), Colombia (1.35%), Panama (1.27%), El Salvador (1.18%), Costa Rica (1.05%), Germany (0.98%), and others (18.23%).

Political Landscape

• Tri-party System: PRI, PAN, and PRD have dominated the political scene since 1993.
• Voter Registration (March 31, 2005): 8,770,736, with 51.79% women and 48.21% men.
• Electoral Data:
  • PRI: 35.29% (2003), 31.96% (2000), 41.06% (1999), 34.33% (1997), 46.42% (1994), 58.16% (1993)
  • PAN: 29.48% (2003), 43.71% (2000), 34.31% (1999), 19.42% (1997), 25.55% (1994), 16.62% (1993)
  • PRD: 23.46% (2003), 18.77% (2000), 21.26% (1999), 33.29% (1997), 18.09% (1994), 8.11% (1993)
  • Minor Parties: 8.15% (2003), 3.69% (2000), 0.11% (1999), 10.23% (1997), 7.37% (1994), 10.37% (1993)
  • Null Votes: 3.57% (2003), 1.81% (2000), 3.25% (1999), 2.69% (1997), 2.47% (1994), 6.74% (1993)
  • Total Votes: 2,982,048 (2003), 5,124,572 (2000), 3,340,178 (1999), 3,941,922 (1997), 4,616,437 (1994), 3,351,985 (1993)

Current Political Distribution

• Federal Chamber of Deputies: 36 seats (15 PRI, 13 PAN, 6 PRD, 2 PVEM)
• State Legislature: 75 seats (24 PRI, 24 PAN, 19 PRD, 4 PVEM, 2 PT, 2 Convergencia)
• Municipalities: 125 (68 PRI, 24 PAN, 23 PRD)

Resource Allocation

• PAN: $89,439,220 (28.37% of total)
• PRI: $89,114,483 (28.27%)
• PRD: $75,442,650 (23.93%)
• PVEM: $25,713,694 (8.16%)
• PT: $19,949,183 (6.33%)
• Convergencia: $15,629,848 (4.96%)

Political History

• Governor Fabela (1942–1945): Introduced a formal, legalistic political culture, and founded the Atlacomulco Group, a network of influential politicians.
• Carlos Hank González (1969–1975): A key figure in the PRI, who later held cabinet positions and had a family legacy in politics.
• Enrique Peña Nieto emerged as the PRI's nominee after a contested selection process, backed by Governor Montiel and his allies.

Campaign Highlights

• Mendoza Ayala faced internal PAN challenges and public scrutiny, including accusations of using a gesture reminiscent of President Fox's "V for Victory" symbol.
• Fox planned a major march in Mexico City to commemorate his 2000 presidential victory, which critics saw as an attempt to boost PAN's fortunes in Edomex.
• Polevinsky Gurwitz was supported by Mexico City Mayor López Obrador and other PRD figures, but faced resistance from some within the party.

Conclusion

The 2005 Mexico State gubernatorial election was a pivotal contest with deep implications for the 2006 presidential race. It showcased the complex political dynamics of the state, including the influence of the Atlacomulco Group, the rise of the PAN in urban areas, and the PRD's stronghold in poorer regions. The election also highlighted the growing political competition and the shifting balance of power among the major parties, with the PRI seeking to maintain its dominance through strategic alliances and internal selection processes.