2010年-世界发展银行全球_The_Democratic_Republic_of_Congos_Infrastructure___A_Continental_Perspective_38页_2mb

Democratic Republic of Congo's Infrastructure: A Continental Perspective Summary

Core Content

This report, part of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD), provides an in-depth analysis of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)'s infrastructure status and challenges. It outlines the current state of the country's infrastructure, its potential, and the financing required to meet the needs of the next decade. The report is aimed at national policymakers and development partners to guide investment and policy reform.

Main Points

Why Infrastructure Matters

• Infrastructure has a significant impact on economic growth in the DRC.
• During 2001–2005, per capita growth in the DRC was 2.1 percent higher than during 1991–1995, largely due to improved telecommunications.
• Despite this, growth levels still fell short of the 7 percent per year needed to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
• Infrastructure constraints contribute to about 40 percent of the productivity handicap faced by Sub-Saharan firms.
• Power infrastructure deficiencies held back per capita growth by 0.25 percentage points over the same period.

The State of the DRC's Infrastructure

• The DRC's population and economic activity are concentrated in three main centers: Kinshasa, Lubumbashi, and Kisangani.
• Infrastructure is lacking, particularly in road and rail networks, which are in a state of disrepair.
• Power and ICT infrastructure are somewhat developed along the Kinshasa–Lubumbashi axis, but the rest of the country has limited coverage.
• The DRC has made progress in mobilizing external finance for road reconstruction and has seen improvements in GSM coverage and air transport connectivity.

Key Infrastructure Sectors

Key Findings and Challenges

Power Sector

• The DRC has the largest and most cost-effective hydropower potential in Africa, with an estimated 100,000 MW.
• Current installed capacity is only 2,400 MW, of which 1,000 MW is functional.
• The long-run marginal cost of hydropower generation is 1.4 cents per kWh, one of the lowest on the continent.
• The DRC has the potential to become Africa's largest power exporter, but this requires significant investment in generation and transmission.
• The national power utility, SNEL, is highly inefficient, with distribution losses at 40 percent and revenue collection at only 41.8 percent.
• Hidden costs of the power sector are extremely high, at 595 percent of revenues, severely limiting the ability to fund new investments.

Financing Infrastructure

• The DRC needs to spend $5.3 billion annually over the next decade to meet infrastructure needs, equivalent to 75 percent of its 2006 GDP.
• Of this, $1.1 billion must be allocated to maintenance alone.
• Current annual infrastructure spending is only $700 million, far below the required level.
• Inefficiencies in the sector waste $430 million annually, and even if corrected, a $4 billion annual funding gap would remain.
• Creative financing and technology choices could reduce the gap to $2 billion.
• The DRC has recently secured over $4 billion in external finance commitments for infrastructure, and plans are in place to increase budget allocations for public investment.

Conclusion

• Business as usual is not a viable option for the DRC's infrastructure development.
• Without increased spending and efficiency improvements, it would take more than a century to redress the country's infrastructure deficit.
• The report emphasizes the importance of improving policy and institutional frameworks to enable sustainable and effective infrastructure development.