世界银行-约旦河西岸和加沙公共支出审查-巴勒斯坦养老金制度：未完成改革的路线图（英）-2023.9-56页_1mb

The Palestinian Pension System is transitioning from legacy schemes to a unified approach but faces significant challenges, including financial sustainability, demographic pressures, and administrative inefficiencies. Key issues include:

• Current State: Benefit expenditures have grown significantly, but the system remains dependent on government subsidies due to unpaid contributions and legacy liabilities.
• Financial Sustainability Concerns: Benefit promises exceed contribution rates, and demographic factors (e.g., rising life expectancy) exacerbate funding gaps.
• Scheme Structure:
  • Legacy Schemes (I, III, IV): Closed to new participants, covering retirees from past systems.
  • New Scheme II: Covers all public sector employees and NGOs, with two components: Defined Benefit (DB) and Defined Contribution (DC), but the DC has not functioned as intended.
• Proposed Reforms: Four parallel tracks identified for reform:
  1. Financial Restructuring:
     • Transfer pension system funding entirely to the Ministry of Finance (MOF).
     • Annull DB contribution arrears.
     • Consolidate legal responsibility and funds under the MOF.
  2. Parametric Adjustments:
     • Gradually raise retirement age to 63.
     • Restrict early retirement to age 55.
     • Reduce qualifying service period from 15 to 10 years.
     • Adjust benefit calculations to align with sustainable contributions.
  3. Systemic Changes:
     • Split DB pension benefits into contributory and non-contributory parts.
     • Eliminate “basic pension” and clarify benefit parameters.
  4. Strengthening PPA:
     • Enhance administrative capacity, data management, and IT systems.

The reforms aim to improve sustainability by balancing contributions and benefits, tightening administration, and addressing demographic and fiscal challenges.