世界银行-斯洛伐克追赶区域4-区域土地利用规划中的开放数据：作为斯洛伐克追赶区域倡议的一部分，为科希策自治区编写的技术说明（英）-2023-72页_2mb

# OPEN DATA IN REGIONAL LAND USE PLANNING

Background & Object

The technical note assists the Self-governing Region of Košice (KSK) in improving its land use planning by leveraging open data practices. It explores standards, legal frameworks, and regional examples to enhance data accessibility and interoperability. Key objectives include reducing planning complexity and costs while supporting evidence-based decision-making.

Key Recommendations

For KSK

1. Audit and Publish Existing Data

   • Terminate contracts with external GIS suppliers if needed.
   • Audit current land use plan layers, publish data in open vector/raster formats, and ensure metadata completeness.

2. Standardize Data Sources and Licenses

   • Modify licensing terms for third-party data to favor open licenses.
   • Mandate data suppliers deliver results under open licenses (e.g., CC BY or CC0).

3. Ensure Technical Compatibility

   • Use OGC standards and INSPIRE compliance to align with regional Geoportals and national geospatial infrastructure (GIS).

4. Explore Community Mapping

   • Engage local stakeholders (e.g., municipalities) to co-create local datasets, enriching regional data resources.

5. Integrate Open Data into Procurement

   • Write procurement specs based on EC guidelines, requiring open standards and bulk download permissions.

6. Develop a Centralized Land Use Plan Database

   • Build internal repositories for land use plan inputs to track cycles and support historical analysis tools.

7. Consult International Practices

   • Adapting standards like Germany’s XPlanung or Piedmont’s paperless urbanism could accelerate process digitization.

For National Level

• Ensure strict adherence to INSPIRE compliance by standardizing metadata registration and encouraging open licenses across all government datasets.

Key Challenges

• Closure of Existing Land Use Plans
  Land use documents are often in non-machine-readable formats (e.g., PDFs), limiting re-use and compatibility.
• Data Sharing Restrictions
  Legal barriers from the Slovak Copyright Act impede open database reuse, often enforced via restrictive contracts.
• Inconsistent Cadastral Access
  Expired agreements between the KSK and GCCA hinder access to current cadastral data, critical for planning.
• Legislative Gaps
  Absence of explicit guidelines for land use planning digitization prior to the 2024 Act adds ambiguity to technical execution.

Key Findings

• Benefits of Open Data: Improved transparency, better policy alignment, cost reduction through shared data use
• Regional Examples: Banská Bystrica and Prešov have strong open data portals, but national standardization is lacking.
• EU Standards: The INSPIRE Directive requires unified geospatial data harmonization across countries, providing a roadmap for Slovakia.

International Best Practices

• Germany: XPlanung standard and automated INSPIRE schema transformation ensure reliable interoperability.
• Czech Republic: Digital Land Use Plan (LUP-D) standards enhance clarity and comparability across boundaries.
• Italy’s Piedmont: Community-driven “Paperless Urban Planning” SDI models facilitate public participation and data re-use.

The technical note concludes that implementing the European Union’s data policies (particularly INSPIRE and PSI directives) would position the Slovak Republic for more efficient land use planning, while local collaboration and audits could yield significant immediate benefits for the KSK.