世界银行-解锁能源转型：太阳能+储能项目规划指南（英）-2023-104页_3mb

Unlocking the Energy Transition: Guidelines for Planning Solar-Plus-Storage Projects

Key Findings

Solar-plus-storage projects represent a viable and cost-competitive alternative to fossil fuel-based thermal generation. They address energy import vulnerabilities, reduce operational costs, and enhance grid stability and reliability. Private investment can be leveraged through appropriate business models.

Overview

This report details a four-phase framework for planning and executing utility-scale solar-plus-storage projects, focusing on business models that facilitate private financing. These projects integrate solar energy generation with storage systems to provide dispatchability, firmness, and grid support services.

Introduction to Solar-Plus-Storage Projects

• Value Stack Services: Storage allows energy shifting, arbitrage, grid balancing, and deferral of grid upgrades.
• Ownership Models: Government (EPC/turnkey), Independent Power Producers (IPP), or a blend (IPP-led is prioritized).
• Pricing Models: Two-part (energy + capacity), single-capacity contract, or blended (firm energy).

Business Models

Three main models are described, each with distinct risk allocation and pricing:

1. Two-Part Contract: Seller owned. Buyer (utility) controls storage for dispatch. Solar paid per kWh, storage paid per capacity (MW/month). High buyer control.
2. Single-Capacity Contract: Seller owned. Fixed payment per joint capacity (MW). High control for dispatch optimization. Risk on buyer for firmness.
3. Blended Energy Contract: Seller owned. Single energy rate (MWh) or time-differentiated (peak/off-peak). Less control, risk shifted to seller for firmness.

Four-Phase Planning Framework

1. Overall System Planning: Technical plans (demand, LEV integration) to assess project potential.
2. Project Definition & Initial Assessment: Define project role (dispatch vs. firm power), capacity, size, control required.
3. Business Model Assessment: Evaluate models based on needs, control, and risk allocation. Use the decision tree.
4. Business Model Selection & Implementation: Prepare term sheet (optional), design procurement strategy.

Decision Tree for Business Model Selection

Uses questions about required control (dispatch vs. firmness) and need for control of renewable energy.

Conclusion

Solar-plus-storage is transformative, offering energy independence and security. The framework and guidance aim to streamline deployment in developing countries reliant on thermal power, leveraging private sector efficiency. Business models continue evolving, requiring expert guidance tailored to context.