2022-10-28-科尔尼-Decarbonizing_heavy-duty_road_transport_in_Europe_19页_742kb

Summary of Decarbonizing Heavy-Duty Road Transport in Europe

Heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) are crucial for European freight but contribute significantly to emissions, with over 26% of road transport emissions. The EU aims for net-zero goals, including CO₂ emission standards for HDVs, reduced emissions by 15% in 2025 and 30% in 2030, and incentives for zero-emission trucks (ZEVs) and low-emission vehicles (LEVs).

Battery electric trucks (BET) and fuel-cell electric trucks (FCET) are the leading technologies. BETs offer better energy efficiency (70-75% well-to-wheel), lower initial and maintenance costs, and shorter refueling/recharging times. FCETs have longer potential range (up to 1,200 km) and faster refueling but higher emissions for comparable electricity sources and greater infrastructure needs.

Deployment challenges include questions on electricity demand, green hydrogen production, and the need for extensive charging/refueling infrastructure. For instance, a full switch to BETs requires significant green electricity (around 9-26% of EU low-carbon power), while FCETs need three times more electricity than BETs, potentially offsetting hydrogen imports.

No clear winner across performance and emissions dimensions, but BETs reduce emissions more, especially for long-haul segments, with potential up to twice that of FCETs. Also, BET infrastructure costs are lower by about 30% compared to FCETs.

Strategic considerations include energy network impacts, supply chain constraints, and policy support. Recommendations prioritize phased rollout: start with shorter distances and leverage battery progress for wider deployment.

fleet renewal should accelerate, with EUROHDV advocating switching to zero-emission options. Support for FCETs is needed for sectors where BETs are unsuitable, but despite higher costs and emissions, liquid hydrogen chain support could aid adoption.

Options like biofuels, biogas, or catenary systems face hurdles but are constrained in potential due to sustainability limits and lower priority compared to shipping and aviation.

Key Findings

• Emissions Reduction: BET deployment targets significant abatement by 2030, FCETs need additional support.
• Economic Factors: BETs are financially competitive with diesel within a few years, aided by battery cost reductions and electric car adoption spill-over.
• Infrastructure Needs: Massive investment required for charging stations and hydrogen refueling networks.
• Policy: The EU must regulate fleet standards and incentivize low-carbon alternatives to achieve GHG reduction goals.

For more details, refer to the full report by Transport & Environment and Zenon.