2025年脑炎全球威胁_趋势和公共卫生影响报告_技术简介（英文版）_51页_6mb

Encephalitis: Global Threats, Trends, and Public Health Implications

Encephalitis is a serious, life-threatening neurological condition with high global mortality and significant long-term sequelae. In 2021, it caused over 80,000 deaths and substantial disability, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The disease presents challenges in diagnosis, with inadequate access to lumbar punctures, diagnostics, and specialized treatments limiting outcomes.

Key Areas:

• Diagnosis and Treatment: Early recognition and basic diagnostic tools (e.g., CSF-profileria) are essential. Vector-borne and autoimmune causes complicate management.
• Care Pathways: Comprehensive, interdisciplinary care pathways under Universal Health Coverage (UHC) are critical for recovery and sequelae management.
• Prevention and Surveillance: Vaccination (JE, TBE, etc.) and vector control remain central, particularly amid climate change and emerging pathogens.
• Research Gap: Studies are needed on affordable diagnostics, treatments, and rehabilitation outcomes, especially for LMIC settings.

Global Actions:

WHO initiatives (e.g., IGAP) and improved surveillance can help address inequities and build resilient health systems. Public awareness and integrated care into primary health services are vital.