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Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Bottom-Up Review Summary

Core Content Overview

The Bottom-Up Review (BUR) is a comprehensive assessment of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) initiated in November 2009, following the Quadrennial Homeland Security Review (QHSR), which was submitted to Congress on February 1, 2010. The BUR aims to align DHS's programmatic activities and organizational structure with the strategic goals outlined in the QHSR, which defines five core mission areas for homeland security. The review also addresses broader issues such as improving management, increasing accountability, and strengthening the Department's capabilities in key areas.

Main Goals of the BUR

The BUR is designed to:

• Assess how well current activities and organizational structure align with mission priorities.
• Identify ways to improve programmatic and budgetary alignment across the Department.
• Highlight areas for enhanced mission performance.
• Prioritize initiatives to strengthen existing programs, address capability gaps, and support innovation.

These goals are guided by three evaluation criteria:

1. Does the initiative advance homeland safety, security, and resilience beyond incremental improvements?
2. Is the initiative sufficiently defined to identify performance objectives and targets?
3. Can the initiative be achieved within the FY 2012–2016 timeframe?

Key Mission Areas and Objectives

Mission 1: Preventing Terrorism and Enhancing Security

• Goals:
  • Prevent terrorist attacks.
  • Prevent unauthorized acquisition or use of CBRN materials.
  • Manage risks to critical infrastructure, key leadership, and events.
• Initiatives:
  • Strengthen counterterrorism coordination.
  • Enhance aviation security through international partnerships.
  • Create an integrated information-sharing architecture.
  • Standardize the National Fusion Center Network.
  • Redesign the Federal Protective Service.
  • Establish DHS as a center for canine training and deployment.

Mission 2: Securing and Managing Our Borders

• Goals:
  • Effectively control U.S. air, land, and sea borders.
  • Safeguard lawful trade and travel.
  • Disrupt transnational criminal and terrorist organizations.
• Initiatives:
  • Expand joint operations and intelligence capabilities.
  • Enhance global trade and travel security.
  • Strengthen international security assistance.
  • Collaborate with Canada and Mexico for North American security.

Mission 3: Enforcing and Administering Immigration Laws

• Goals:
  • Strengthen and effectively administer the immigration system.
  • Prevent unlawful immigration.
• Initiatives:
  • Pursue comprehensive immigration reform.
  • Improve immigration services processes with a focus on security and fraud detection.
  • Target employers exploiting illegal workers.
  • Dismantle human smuggling organizations.
  • Improve detention and removal processes.
  • Support new Americans in transitioning to citizenship.
  • Build a model immigration detention system.

Mission 4: Safeguarding and Securing Cyberspace

• Goals:
  • Create a safe, secure, and resilient cyber environment.
  • Promote cybersecurity knowledge and innovation.
• Initiatives:
  • Integrate and focus cybersecurity operations.
  • Strengthen protection of cyber networks.
  • Enhance predictive, investigative, and forensic capabilities.
  • Promote public awareness and education through campaigns.

Mission 5: Ensuring Resilience to Disasters

• Goals:
  • Mitigate hazards.
  • Enhance preparedness.
  • Ensure effective emergency response.
  • Rapidly recover from disasters.
• Initiatives:
  • Develop risk-based preparedness standards.
  • Improve FEMA's workforce development and training.
  • Enhance coordination with private sector and NGOs.
  • Promote individual and family preparedness.
  • Explore opportunities for infrastructure resilience through private sector partnerships.

Complementary Departmental Responsibilities

DHS also handles complementary functions that support broader national interests, such as:

• Marine safety and environmental protection.
• Law enforcement activities in areas like border integrity and customs enforcement.
• Hybrid capabilities that serve multiple missions, such as border patrol, immigration enforcement, and response to oil spills.

These functions are essential for fulfilling the Department's role in homeland security and are often intertwined with its core missions.

Improving Department Management

To enhance management and efficiency, DHS proposes:

• Restoring the Secretary's reorganizational authority.
• Realigning regional configurations into a unified structure.
• Improving cross-departmental integration and coordination.
• Strengthening internal counterintelligence and intelligence sharing.
• Enhancing risk management and data collection.
• Investing in the workforce with improved health and wellness programs.
• Developing career paths and training for cross-functional roles.
• Increasing diversity, especially at senior levels.
• Balancing the workforce by reducing reliance on contractors.

Increasing Accountability

DHS aims to increase accountability through:

• Enhancing analytical and strategic planning capabilities.
• Improving performance measurement and linking it to mission outcomes.
• Strengthening acquisition oversight with independent cost estimation.

Conclusion

The BUR is a critical step in the multi-step process of refining the homeland security strategy and ensuring that DHS operates efficiently and effectively. It provides a roadmap for improving mission performance, strengthening the Department’s structure, and increasing accountability. The findings of the BUR will inform the FY 2012–2016 Future Years Homeland Security Program (FYHSP), which will propose specific programmatic adjustments based on the strategic framework established in the QHSR. The BUR does not serve as a budget request or a strategic plan but rather as a foundational document to guide future actions and improvements.