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Summary of the Cement Technology Roadmap for Low-Carbon Transition

Core Content

The Cement Technology Roadmap is a joint initiative by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI) of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). It outlines a strategic approach for the cement industry to transition to a low-carbon model by 2050, aligning with the 2 Degree Scenario (2DS), which aims to limit global temperature rise to 2°C by 2100 with at least a 50% chance of success.

The roadmap is based on a bottom-up approach, using least-cost technology analysis to explore how the cement industry can reduce its direct CO₂ emissions by 24% by 2050 compared to current levels, while still meeting the expected 12–23% increase in global cement production.

Main Areas of Focus

1. Cement Industry Overview

• Cement is a key component of concrete, the most consumed manufactured substance globally.
• The industry contributes 7% of global industrial energy use and 27% of total direct CO₂ emissions from industry.
• Cement production involves limestone decomposition, which accounts for two-thirds of CO₂ emissions, and fuel combustion, which accounts for the remainder.

2. Vision and Objectives

• The roadmap envisions a sustainable transition of the cement industry by 2050, consistent with the 2DS.
• The goal is to decouple cement production growth from CO₂ emissions, using four key levers:
  • Improving energy efficiency
  • Switching to alternative fuels
  • Reducing the clinker-to-cement ratio
  • Integrating emerging and innovative technologies (e.g., carbon capture)

3. Key Actions to 2030

• Creating an enabling level playing field: Governments should establish stable international carbon pricing mechanisms and interim financial stimulus packages to ensure low-carbon cement remains competitive.
• Putting technological change into action: All stakeholders should collaborate to implement state-of-the-art technologies and share best practices.
• Facilitating uptake of sustainable products: Governments should support regulations and standards for low-clinker cement and blended cements, while ensuring product performance.
• Promoting market mechanisms: Governments and industry should stimulate renewable energy and excess heat recovery (EHR) in the cement sector.

Key Findings

• The cement industry is expected to grow by 12–23% by 2050 due to population growth, urbanization, and infrastructure development.
• Under the IEA Reference Technology Scenario (RTS), CO₂ emissions from cement production are projected to increase by 4% by 2050.
• The 2DS scenario aims to reduce direct CO₂ emissions by 24% by 2050, which would result in cumulative emissions reductions of 7.7 GtCO₂ compared to the RTS.
• CO₂ emissions reductions in the 2DS would be 48% from carbon capture, 37% from reducing clinker content, and 15% from alternative fuels and energy efficiency.
• The roadmap emphasizes the need for supportive regulatory frameworks, effective financing mechanisms, and public-private collaboration to achieve the transition.
• Alternative binding materials could offer significant emissions reductions, but require further analysis and standardization to ensure public acceptance and market viability.
• Collaboration along the construction value chain is crucial to achieve carbon neutrality in the built environment.

Key Information

Roadmap Partners

• The IEA and CSI are the main partners.
• The CSI includes 24 major cement producers in over 100 countries, representing 21% of global cement production.
• The Getting the Numbers Right database, managed by CSI, is a key source of data for the roadmap.

Policy and Finance

• The transition is ambitious, requiring realistic and achievable changes.
• Cumulative investments for the 2DS are estimated at USD 176–244 billion by 2050, compared to USD 107–127 billion for the RTS.
• Governments and industry must work together to develop investment risk-mitigating mechanisms and stimulate private finance in low-return areas.

Technical and Research Needs

• Research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) are essential for the adoption of emerging technologies.
• Process optimization and product standardization are required for alternative binding materials.
• The roadmap uses a comprehensive modelling framework, including the IEA Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) model, to analyze technoeconomic assumptions and emissions trajectories.

Collaborative Efforts

• The roadmap encourages collaboration across the construction value chain.
• It promotes whole-life-cycle approaches to reduce emissions, including reducing waste, encouraging reuse, and maximizing design life of buildings.

Conclusion

The Cement Technology Roadmap provides a clear vision and action plan for the cement industry to achieve sustainable development by 2050. It highlights the importance of innovation, policy support, and global cooperation in reducing the industry's carbon footprint. The roadmap serves as a reference for policymakers and industry stakeholders to guide the low-carbon transition of the cement sector.