2012年-世界发展银行全球_Global_Investment_Promotion_Best_Practices_2012_58页_2mb

Global Investment Promotion Best Practices 2012 Summary

Core Content

The Global Investment Promotion Best Practices (GIPB) 2012 report evaluates the performance of 189 national Investment Promotion Intermediaries (IPIs) in providing information and assistance to foreign investors. It focuses on two key areas: online investment promotion and inquiry handling. The report highlights that while best practices are emerging in developing countries, global inquiry handling is still weak.

Main Points

1. Investment Climate and FDI Trends

• FDI declined significantly during the global financial crisis, but recovered as economies stabilized.
• Emerging markets increasingly value FDI not only for capital and jobs but also for technology and know-how.
• Investment facilitation plays a crucial role in reducing perceived risks and transaction costs for investors.
• A University of Oxford study shows that $1 spent on investment promotion increases FDI inflows by $189 and creates 78 additional jobs.

2. Role of IPIs

• IPIs are public institutions that provide information and assistance to potential investors.
• They help governments compete for FDI by improving their investment climate and business environment.
• IPIs with good facilitation can significantly influence FDI inflows and economic growth.

3. GIPB Methodology

• GIPB evaluates IPIs on two aspects: Web sites (50%) and inquiry handling (50%).
• The methodology uses mystery shopper techniques, where global site selection firms submit inquiries as anonymous investors.
• IPIs are rated on a scale of 0–100%:
  • Best practice: 81–100%
  • Good: 61–80%
  • Average: 41–60%
  • Weak: 21–40%
  • Very weak: 0–20%

Key Findings

1. Web Site Performance

• Nearly all IPIs have an online presence, but substantive content is often lacking.
• OECD Web sites remain the benchmark for others.
• Best-practice Web sites are emerging in all regions, even under difficult conditions.
• Examples of top Web sites:
  • Table 1: Top Web site in each region.
  • Table 2: Top 10 IPI Web sites globally.
  • Table 3: Best regional IPI Web sites for investor content and promotional effectiveness.
  • Table 4: Examples of strong regional improvement in IPI Web sites.

2. Inquiry Handling Performance

• Inquiry handling is the lowest in GIPB history.
• Five of six non-OECD regions showed weaker performance in 2012 than in 2009.
• OECD IPIs had the largest drop in inquiry-handling performance.
• The primary deficiency is a lack of substantive responses.
• Table 5: Top 10 IPIs at inquiry-handling.
  • Table 6: GIPB defines practice standards for inquiry handling.

3. Sector-Specific Promotion

• Focusing on few sectors has been shown to attract more FDI.
• Agribusiness and tourism are priority sectors for many IPIs.
• IPIs that provide detailed sector information are more likely to achieve best practice.
  • Table 7: Percentage of online agribusiness profiles meeting basic quality criteria.
  • Table 8: How investment projects were adjusted for economic development levels.

Best Practice Examples

1. PRONicaragua

• Only IPI in GIPB 2012 to achieve best practice in both Web site and inquiry handling.
• Improved significantly from 2009 to 2012, increasing FDI inflows from $246 million to $488 million annually.
• Used GIPB feedback to improve its services.
• Box 7: PRONicaragua provides an example of best practice inquiry response.

2. Invest in Greece Agency

• Improved from one of the OECD's weakest performers in 2009 to one of the world's strongest in 2012.
• Demonstrated stronger inquiry handling during economic turmoil.
• Box 8: Systematically presents a solid business case for investors.

3. Rwandan IPI

• Top marks for horticulture investment promotion.
• Box 9: Shows how a small economy can attract FDI in a specific sector.

4. Georgian IPI

• Demonstrated a strong agribusiness profile.
• Box 11: Shows agribusiness focus and sector-specific information.

Challenges and Opportunities

• 80% of IPIs fail to respond to investor inquiries.
• Budget cuts and staff reductions are potential reasons for poor performance.
• Hungary and Croatia (former best-practice IPIs) underwent major restructuring.
• IPIs in culturally distant or non-English-speaking economies can achieve better results.
• IPIs in less developed economies with more bureaucratic hurdles benefit more from investment promotion.

Recommendations

• Improve Web site content to provide useful and accurate information.
• Use interactive tools to enhance sector-specific promotion.
• Focus on a few priority sectors to increase FDI inflows.
• Provide detailed, tailored responses to investor inquiries.
• Enhance customer service and communication to build trust and attract investment.

Conclusion

The GIPB 2012 report emphasizes that investment promotion is effective and that good facilitation can increase FDI inflows. While OECD countries still lead in investment facilitation, developing countries are showing significant improvements. The report serves as a roadmap for IPIs to enhance their performance and attract more FDI.

Acronyms

• CEO: Chief Executive Officer
• EAP: East Asia and the Pacific
• ECA: Europe and Central Asia
• FAQ: Frequently Asked Question
• FDI: Foreign Direct Investment
• FIAS: Foreign Investment Advisory Service
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GIPB: Global Investment Promotion Best Practices
• IPI: Investment Promotion Intermediary
• LAC: Latin America and the Caribbean
• MBA: Master of Business Administration
• MENA: Middle East and North Africa
• OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
• PDF: Portable Document Format
• R&D: Research and Development
• SA: South Asia
• SSA: Sub-Saharan Africa

Key Takeaways

• Investment facilitation is essential for attracting FDI.
• Online presence is common, but quality content is lacking.
• Sector targeting improves FDI inflows.
• Inquiry handling is a major challenge for most IPIs.
• PRONicaragua and Invest in Greece Agency are exemplary cases of successful IPIs.
• GIPB provides objective performance assessments and actionable insights for IPIs to improve their services.