20230626-世界经济论坛-Green_Hydrogen_in_China_A_Roadmap_for_Progress_54页_15mb

Green Hydrogen in China: A Roadmap for Progress Summary

Date: June 2023
Authors: World Economic Forum, Accenture, China Hydrogen Alliance

1. Context and Objectives

• National Priority: China has incorporated hydrogen (especially green hydrogen) into its national development strategy, aiming for carbon neutrality by 2060.
• Current Status:
  • China is the world’s largest hydrogen producer and consumer (80% from fossil fuels).
  • Green hydrogen production is minimal (~0.1%) due to high costs and limited applications.
• Ambitious Goals (2030 Timeline):
  • Renewables-based hydrogen capacity: 100,000–200,000 tons per year.
  • Hydrogen-fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) fleet: 500,000 units.
  • Deployed hydrogen refueling stations: 900.
• Key Challenges: High production costs, underdeveloped infrastructure, lack of market demand, slow standard-setting.

2. Key barriers and goals

Goal 1: Cost

• Issue: Green hydrogen cost is 3–5× higher than coal-derived hydrogen.
• Enabling Measures:
  • Reduce electricity costs via green electricity trading.
  • Subsidize electrolyzer manufacturing and adopt tax credits for green hydrogen.
  • Develop efficient alkaline electrolysers to lower capital expenditures.

Goal 2: Infrastructure

• Issue: Strict regulations (treats hydrogen as hazardous) complicate refueling station siting.
• Measures:
  • Expedite uniform national standards for hydrogen storage, transport, and refueling.
  • Deregulate refueling in non-chemical parks (e.g., Guangdong’s approach).
  • Promote integrated hydrogen production-storage stations and pipeline transport.

Goal 3: Market Demand

• Issue: Limited demand; dominated by NEXV (electric vehicles) not hydrogen.
• Measures:
  • Grant rights-of-way for HFCVs; strengthen public procurement of fuel cell buses.
  • Couple green hydrogen with carbon markets to decarbonize heavy industries.
  • Develop use cases like iron-steel decarbonization and energy storage (e.g., HCNG).

Goal 4: Industry Standards & Certification

• Issue: Slow standardization (1/3 ratio of industrial vs. national standards).
• Measures:
  • Improve top-level planning and incentives for standard-setting.
  • Pilot local and corporate standards; engage stakeholders in international standardization (ISO/ANSI).

Goal 5: Technology

• Issue: Reliance on imported PEM components; PEM lagging behind global leaders.
• Measures:
  • Accelerate PEM and SOEC electrolyzer R&D via special funding.
  • Enhance university-industry collaboration; leverage global forums (e.g., IEA, EU taxonomy).

Goal 6: Evolution & Cooperation

• Issue: No unified national hydrogen strategy.
• Measures:
  • Refine national development plans and formulate a green hydrogen roadmap.
  • Strengthen Belt & Road Initiative for international hydrogen trade/collaboration.

3. Implementation Roadmap

• Three-Phase Plan (2023-2030):
  • Phase 1 (2023-2024): Supportive policies, demonstration projects, tech breakthroughs.
  • Phase 2 (2024-2027): Technical standards, supply networks, international cooperation.
  • Phase 3 (2027-2030): Price targets (CNY 15/kg), demand scaling, and infrastructure expansion.

4. Actionable Recommendations

• Government: Align hydrogen development with emissions targets; streamline approvals via uniform standards.
• Industry: Diversify partnerships (global R&D, local testing); localize advanced tech components.
• Finance: Adopt green bonds and standardize hydrogen under EU taxonomy equivalents.