2016年-世界发展银行全球_Women_Entrepreneurs_in_Indonesia___A_Pathway_to_Increasing_Shared_Prosperity_120页_6mb

Summary of "Women Entrepreneurs in Indonesia: A Pathway to Increasing Shared Prosperity"

Core Content

This report, published by the World Bank Group in April 2016, focuses on the role of women entrepreneurs in Indonesia and their potential to contribute to economic growth and shared prosperity. It highlights the need for targeted support and tailored financial and non-financial services to address the unique challenges and opportunities faced by women in entrepreneurship.

Main Findings

• Women Entrepreneurs in Indonesia:

  • They are a significant and growing portion of the self-employed.
  • Most operate in small and micro enterprises, which are less productive and have limited growth potential.
  • They face gender gaps in critical skills and access to information and communications technology (ICT).

• Segmentation of Women Entrepreneurs:

  • Necessity Entrepreneurs: Enter business due to lack of alternatives and are unlikely to expand.
  • Growth-Oriented Entrepreneurs: Demonstrate the ability and willingness to expand their businesses and are likely to hire female employees.
  • The report estimates that about 15% of women entrepreneurs fall into the growth-oriented category.

• Key Challenges:

  • Financial Constraints: Growth-oriented women entrepreneurs often lack access to credit, savings, and insurance.
  • Non-Financial Constraints: Limited access to business development services (BDS), training, and mentorship.
  • Social and Cultural Barriers: Women often have to manage household responsibilities alongside business, and there is a lack of awareness and targeted products in financial services.

Recommendations

For Increasing Shared Prosperity by Reaching the 'Growth-Oriented' Segment

1. Tailor Credit Products:

   • Develop individual loans for growth-oriented women entrepreneurs with amounts ranging from 50 to 500 million Rupiah.
   • Introduce movable collateral (e.g., equipment, inventory, intellectual property) instead of fixed assets.
   • Include women-owned assets like jewelry or gold in collateral options.
   • Utilize data-driven appraisal techniques such as psychometric testing to assess creditworthiness without traditional collateral.

2. Help Lenders Enter the Women's Market:

   • Provide technical assistance to financial institutions to develop women-tailored credit products.
   • Implement lines of credit or credit guarantee schemes to incentivize lending to women entrepreneurs.
   • Encourage wholesaling operations to scale up access to credit for this segment.

3. Stimulate Women's Insurance Market:

   • Promote life, property, and business interruption insurance for women entrepreneurs.
   • Develop group insurance plans with women's business associations to reduce costs.
   • Package insurance with other financial products, such as loans, to make it more accessible.

4. Explore Equity Investing and Angel Investing:

   • Encourage angel investors to provide equity to high-potential women entrepreneurs.
   • Support capital infusions and risk mitigation for investors targeting women entrepreneurs.
   • Simplify regulations to facilitate equity investments in MSMEs.

5. Support Individualized Business Consulting:

   • Provide intensive business consulting for a smaller subset of growth-oriented women entrepreneurs.
   • Offer matching grants to cover the costs of consulting and technical services.
   • Create networks of high-potential women entrepreneurs to share knowledge and form partnerships.

For Eliminating Extreme Poverty by Supporting the 'Necessity' Segment

1. Support Cross-overs into Male-Dominated Sectors:

   • Encourage women entrepreneurs to move into sectors like mechanics and carpentry.
   • Offer technical training and customized services to facilitate this transition.
   • Provide grants and support to reduce entry costs into these sectors.
   • Promote early education and role models to raise awareness of opportunities in different sectors.

2. Pilot and Test Mobile Savings:

   • Develop mobile savings accounts that allow women to save and transact privately.
   • Address privacy, time use, and mobility constraints by offering mobile banking options.
   • Test various mobile savings approaches through impact evaluations to determine the most effective solutions.

3. Provide More Women-Targeted Business Development Services:

   • Enhance BDS offerings to meet the specific needs of women entrepreneurs.
   • Focus on individualized support such as consulting, incubators, and mentorship.
   • Involve business associations to better reach and support women entrepreneurs.

Key Information

• Target Audience: Women entrepreneurs in Indonesia, particularly those in the growth-oriented and necessity segments.
• Methodology: The study combines quantitative data from over 1600 women entrepreneurs and qualitative insights from 344 financial institutions and seven case studies.
• Supporting Organizations: The report was supported by the Swiss Government through SECO and involves collaboration with government agencies, financial institutions, and women's business associations.
• Policy Context: The findings align with the Indonesian Government's Mid-term Development Plan (RPJMN 2015-2019), which emphasizes the importance of MSMEs in the economy.

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of segmenting women entrepreneurs and providing targeted support to both growth-oriented and necessity segments. It emphasizes the need for tailored financial and non-financial services, improved access to credit and insurance, and individualized consulting and training to unlock the potential of women entrepreneurs in Indonesia and promote shared prosperity and poverty reduction.