2008年-世界发展银行全球_Dominican_Republic_-_South-South_Cooperation_in_Action___Responding_to_Avian_Influenza_4页_1mb

报告摘要

Summary of South-South Cooperation in Action: Responding to Avian Influenza in the Dominican Republic

Core Content

The Dominican Republic (DR) faced a serious disruption due to the detection of the Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) H5N2 virus late last year. This outbreak affected subregional trade, poultry production, and food security. In response, the DR Secretariat of State for Agriculture, in collaboration with the World Bank, organized a two-day workshop to assess the country's National Emergency Plan for Avian Influenza (AI) and to learn from regional experiences.

Main Themes and Key Points

1. Avian Influenza Overview

Avian Influenza (AI) is caused by a virus with multiple strains, classified into Highly Pathogenic (HPAI) and Low Pathogenic (LPAI).
H5N1 is the most dangerous HPAI strain, detected in over 60 countries, but not in the Americas.
HPAI can cause severe disease in poultry with high mortality, and there is a risk of it mutating to become transmissible between humans.
AI threatens food security and economic stability, especially in countries where poultry accounts for over 70% of animal protein consumption.

2. Workshop Objectives and Structure

The workshop aimed to evaluate the DR's National Emergency Plan for AI and to learn from the experiences of neighboring countries.
It was conducted via video conferencing (VC) through the Global Development Learning Network (GDLN), allowing participation from Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Haiti without travel costs.
40 local participants and 30 international contributors participated, including representatives from the World Bank, APHIS, USAID, and embassies of France, China, and the UK.

3. Key Recommendations and Lessons Learned

Early Detection and Culling: Immediate culling is recommended to prevent virus spread, though mass culling in commercial poultry is logistically challenging.
Sector Coordination: A strong alliance between the government and the productive sector (e.g., poultry farmers) is essential for effective AI control and eradication.
Communication Strategy: Communication should be integrated into all response efforts, not just as messaging. It should be a phased program, involving multiple sectors (health, environment, tourism, etc.).
Epidemiological Surveillance: Proactive surveillance and anticipating needs are crucial for preparedness.
Cock Fights as a Risk Factor: These events can facilitate AI transmission, requiring awareness and regulation.
Separation of Political and Technical Aspects: Decision-making should remain focused on technical responses, not political considerations.

4. Role of the GDLN

The GDLN enabled efficient, cost-effective regional knowledge sharing.
It provided a platform for real-time discussions and collaboration among experts.
The network allows for the formation of expert panels and audience engagement based on local expertise.
A "DGroup" was introduced to support ongoing collaboration and resource sharing post-workshop.

5. AHI Facility Support

The Avian and Human Influenza (AHI) Facility, established in 2006, offers grant financing for AI response programs.
It supports activities such as communication, surveillance, health system strengthening, and cross-border coordination.
The DR's National Emergency Plan for AI is being implemented with support from the AHI Facility and the Ministry of Agriculture.

Conclusion

The workshop highlighted the importance of regional cooperation, timely response, and sectoral integration in managing AI outbreaks. It demonstrated the effectiveness of the GDLN in facilitating south-south learning and collaboration, even under budget constraints. The lessons from neighboring countries emphasized the need for early action, strong coordination, and robust communication strategies. The DR is now better prepared to respond to AI through a comprehensive, well-coordinated national plan supported by international donors and regional organizations.

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