2025-05-25-IUCN-促进建筑物的生物多样性-欧洲城市支持倡议综述（英）_60页_11mb

Catalysing Biodiversity on Buildings: A Review of European Cities

• Background:
  Cities offer significant potential to support biodiversity through building-scale interventions like green roofs, walls, and wildlife-friendly designs while addressing climate change, pollution, and human well-being. European cities are increasingly using regulations, incentives, and technical guidance to promote biodiversity at this scale.

• Key Initiatives in Europe:

  • Mandatory Approaches: Cities like Berlin, Barcelona, and Zurich have adopted green roof requirements, biodiversity net gain policies, and scoring systems (e.g., Green Factor, Biotope Area Factor) to encourage biodiversity integration.
  • Incentive Programs: Financial subsidies (e.g., Hamburg, Toronto) and technical support (e.g., Basel’s Eco-Roof Incentive Program) are used to offset costs and promote voluntary actions.
  • Wildlife-Friendly Measures: Bird-safe glass, light pollution ordinances, and habitat creation (e.g., nesting boxes) are implemented to reduce negative impacts on wildlife.
  • Metrics and Tools: Tools like the Urban Greening Factor (London) and BiodivScore (Paris) help quantify and monitor ecological gains.

• Case Studies:
  Across eight European cities (Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Zurich), efforts highlight both common strategies (flexible mandates, native plant use) and regional variations (e.g., Brussels’ focus on circular economy, Berlin’s Urban Nature Pact). Challenges include historic preservation conflicts and space competition with affordable housing needs.

• Global Context:
  European policies align with global agreements like the Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Framework (Target 12) and the EU Nature Restoration Law, driving urban biodiversity mainstreaming.

• Next Steps:
  Cities should transition from simple green roofs to biodiverse habitats, integrate circular economy principles, and adopt standardized assessment methodologies to quantify biodiversity gains, ensuring synergies between ecological and urban planning goals.