2021-06-28-世界卫生组织-Hypertension_Guatemala_2020_country_profile_2页_373kb

Guatemala Hypertension Fact Sheet Summary

1. Hypertension Burden (2015):

   • Prevalence: 29.5% of the adult population (approx. 2.7 million) had hypertension.
   • Awareness: Only 10.4% (approx. 0.5 million) were aware (diagnosed) they had hypertension.
   • Treatment: Only 3.8% (approx. 0.1 million) were under treatment with essential hypertension-related medicines (Thiazide Diuretics, ACE Inhibitors, ARBs, Calcium Channel Blockers, Beta Blockers).
   • Control: Only 1.3% (approx. 0.07 million) had controlled hypertension.
   • Adult Breakdown: Higher prevalence was found in females and the 45+ age group. Higher proportions of people were aware, treated, and controlled within the older age group.

2. Key Risk Factors:

   • High blood pressure preceding factors, including tobacco smoking, physical inactivity, high sodium intake, high body mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, high total cholesterol, and belonging to a high-risk group.
   • Diabetes and high total cholesterol are significant risk factors.

3. Health System Response:

   • Efforts to reduce salt/sodium consumption were noted, but overall health system capacity for hypertension prevention and control in primary healthcare was ranked low.

4. National Targets (Partially Set):

   • By 2020 (indicative), reduce the prevalence of hypertension among those aged 18+ by 5% (baseline 2010).
   • Reduce salt consumption by 5% among those aged 18+ by 2020.

5. WHO Recommendations:

   • Address population prevalence by reducing modifiable risk factors like high sodium, high saturated/unsaturated fats, low fruit/vegetable intake.
   • Improve wider hypertension control through increased screening, adherence to evidence-based protocols, proper treatment (including potential PBS cost procurement), and follow-up for those who don't respond. Implementation of the WHO HEARTS initiative technical package is encouraged.

6. Key Challenges & Strategies:

   • Low levels of awareness, treatment, and control indicate significant gaps in hypertension management.
   • Strategies focus on reducing salt intake, better early detection and management using protocols, ensuring access to effective and affordable medicines, and enhancing monitoring.