2022-10-04-世界卫生组织-Monkeypox_Strategic_Preparedness,_Readiness,_and_Response_Plan_SPRP_26页_3mb

Strategic Preparedness, Readiness and Response Plan: Monkeypox

Background

• WHO declared the monkeypox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on July 23, 2022, and this plan outlines priority actions to stop human-to-human transmission, minimize animal-to-human transmission, and protect vulnerable groups.

Outbreak Status

• As of October 4, 2022, 68,900 laboratory-confirmed cases and 26 deaths reported globally, with most cases in Europe and the Americas, predominantly among men who have sex with men.
• The virus is zoonotic, with two known clades (I and II), and transmission occurs through close physical contact, sexual contact, respiratory droplets, or contaminated surfaces.
• Vulnerable groups include those with suppressed immune systems, pregnant individuals, and children due to higher risk of severe disease.

Strategic Objectives

1. Interrupt human-to-human transmission through surveillance, contact tracing, and risk reduction measures.
2. Minimize animal-to-human transmission using a One Health approach, engaging veterinary and wildlife services.
3. Protect vulnerable and high-risk groups by empowering communities and reducing stigma.

Core Response Components (5Cs)

• Emergency Coordination: Strengthen global, regional, and national coordination mechanisms, including incident management systems and stakeholder collaboration, to enable rapid response.
• Collaborative Surveillance: Enhance monitoring and data sharing through nucleic amplification testing (NAAT/PCR) and genomic sequencing to track virus evolution and inform strategies.
• Community Protection: Engage affected communities in risk communication, provide clear health education on prevention and care-seeking, and address stigma to ensure equitable access.
• Safe and Scalable Care: Implement infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, provide supportive care for patients, and manage complications at all health levels, prioritizing primary and sexual health services.
• Countermeasures and Research: Scale up vaccine and therapeutic production, promote equitable access, and drive research on diagnostics, treatments, vaccines, and viral kinetics.

Implementation

• WHO encourages all member states to develop context-specific plans aligned with the objectives and components, emphasizing community involvement, equity, and timely information sharing for global health security.