2006年-世界发展银行全球_Assessment_of_Housing_for_Low-income_Groups_in_Danang___Phase_I_Report_135页_3mb

Summary of Assessment of Housing for Low Income Groups in Danang, Vietnam (November 2006)

1. Introduction

1.1 Background

Danang City is the economic and administrative center of Vietnam's central region and is experiencing rapid urbanization due to economic growth and rural-urban migration. This has increased the pressure on urban development and housing sectors, prompting government attention to these areas.

1.2 Assessment of Housing for Low Income Groups

The Low Income Housing Assessment Study (LIHAS) was initiated to evaluate the housing needs of low-income households in Danang, as a sub-component of the Priority Infrastructure Investment Project (PIIP). Its objectives are to:

• Determine the effective demand for low-income shelter in Danang.
• Provide alternative models of housing production, including aspects of housing finance, construction, and maintenance.

The study is conducted by the World Bank (WB) and involves collaboration with several local and national institutions.

2. Housing Sector Overview

2.2 Urban Population

• Vietnam's urban population, including unregistered migrants, was estimated at 23 million in 2003 (26% of total population).
• Projections indicate the urban population will nearly double to about 40 million by 2020.
• Urban population is expected to grow at a faster rate than rural areas due to migration.

2.3 Rural-Urban Migration

• Cities and towns account for 70% of Vietnam’s economic output and attract significant FDI.
• Urbanization is driven by rural-urban migration, offering opportunities for the rural poor to escape poverty.
• However, this migration increases development pressure on land, housing, and infrastructure, while straining local governments' capacity.

2.4 Classification of Urban Areas

• Urban areas are classified by the Ministry of Construction (MOC) into six tiers based on administrative level, population, economic activity, and infrastructure.
• Danang is classified as a Special City, which grants it provincial status.
• Population distribution by classification is expected to shift, with larger cities growing at the expense of smaller ones.

2.5 Urban Policy and Regulations

• The National Constitution (1992) grants citizens the right to housing ownership, but land remains state-owned.
• This legal distinction underpins the dual housing and land registration system in Vietnam.
• The Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS) outlines specific initiatives for urban poverty reduction, including:
  • Encouraging the poor to find ways to escape poverty with government and community support.
  • Developing policies to provide loans to the urban poor through savings and community credit.
  • Ensuring access to essential infrastructure and services like water, sanitation, and electricity.
  • Prioritizing on-site infrastructure upgrades rather than relocation.
  • Establishing appropriate urban design and planning standards.

3. Housing Sector Initiatives

The report references several key housing initiatives and studies, including:

• ADB Low Income Housing Study (2006)
• ADB Housing Finance Project (HFP)
• World Bank (WB) Urban Development Assistance Strategy
• Vietnam Urban Upgrading Project
• Report on Vietnam's Economy in 2005

These initiatives aim to improve urban infrastructure, housing finance, and the living conditions of low-income populations. The WB has been involved in advising on urban development and poverty reduction strategies, especially in relation to housing.

4. Danang Urban Development Context

4.1 Institutional Arrangements

• Key institutions involved in urban development include:
  • Danang People's Committee (DPC)
  • PIIP Project Management Unit
  • Department of Planning and Investment (DPI)
  • Department of Natural Resources, Environment and Housing (DONRE)
  • Department of Construction (DOC)
  • Danang Urban District Administrations

4.2 Urban Planning and Development Initiatives

• Danang has a Development Master Plan (2000–2020), which outlines urban development goals.
• The Priority Infrastructure and Investment Project (PIIP) is a multi-sectoral initiative aimed at poverty reduction and economic growth.

5. Danang Housing Sector

5.1 Overview

• Danang's housing sector includes:
  • Public sector housing
  • Commercial residential development
  • Resettlement programs
  • Informal housing

5.2 Housing Development Initiatives

• The Department of Construction (DOC) has been involved in public housing projects.
• The Danang Housing Management Company (DHMC) oversees public housing.
• There are ongoing efforts to improve the structure and maintenance of public housing.

5.3 Resettlement Programs

• The PIIP includes a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) to address displacement due to infrastructure development.
• The Resettlement Process involves identifying affected households and providing alternative housing solutions.

6. Danang Low Income Housing Assessment

6.1 Characteristics of Low Income Households

• Low-income households are defined based on income levels, household registration, and floor area per person.
• These households often reside in informal housing with limited access to basic services and legal tenure.

6.2 Informal Housing

• Informal housing is a significant issue in Danang, particularly in low-income areas.
• It is often characterized by poor construction quality, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of legal documentation.

6.3 Case Studies

• The study includes case studies of low-income housing in Danang, focusing on:
  • Thai Phien collective housing
  • Public apartment blocks
  • Resettlement sites

6.4 Key Findings

• There is a high proportion of low-income households with inadequate housing conditions.
• Many households lack legal tenure documents and face challenges in accessing basic services like water and sanitation.
• The structure and maintenance of public housing are critical concerns.
• Flooding is a major issue, especially in low-income areas.

7. Typhoon Xangsane Impact and Needs

• The Typhoon Xangsane caused significant damage to housing in Danang.
• Identified needs include:
  • Repair and reconstruction of damaged housing.
  • Improved infrastructure to mitigate future risks.
  • Enhanced disaster preparedness and response mechanisms.

8. Key Issues

• Fragmented urban planning system
• Lack of policy and management guidance
• Inappropriate planning and design standards
• Poor road designs in residential areas
• Mismatch between housing supply and demand
• Inadequate investment priorities
• Loss of employment and livelihood opportunities
• Resettlement programming difficulties
• Delays in land use right certification
• Need for a coordinating housing agency

9. Phase 2 Work Program

• Phase II of the LIHAS study involves:
  • Assessing effective demand for low-income housing from 2005 to 2020.
  • Developing alternative models of housing production, with varying levels of public and private involvement.
  • Formulating an outline low-income housing policy for Danang, including rental housing and institutional and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Proposing a technical assistance program to strengthen the capacity of DOC and DONRE.
  • Conducting a workshop to refine and present recommendations.

10. Reporting Schedule

• The study includes four main outputs:
  • Inception Report (submitted in September 2006)
  • Draft Report on Phase I (current report)
  • Draft Report on Phase II (due January 2006)
  • Final Reports (Phase I and II)