2007年-世界发展银行全球_An_Assessment_of_Housing_for_Low-income_Groups_in_Danang___Phase_II_Report_68页_806kb

Summary of the World Bank Assessment of Housing for Low Income Groups in Danang

Core Content

This document presents an assessment of the housing needs for low-income groups in Danang City, conducted as part of the Priority Infrastructure Investment Project (PIIP) preparation. The study aims to determine effective demand for low-income housing and provide alternative models for housing production, finance, and management.

The report is divided into several key sections, including the background, housing needs, low-income housing standards, effective housing demand, funding mechanisms, institutional aspects, and policy recommendations.

Main Points

1. Background

• Danang City is the economic hub of central Vietnam and is experiencing rapid urbanization due to economic growth and rural-urban migration.
• The PIIP project, launched by the World Bank and IDA in 2004, is aimed at poverty reduction and economic growth.
• The Low Income Housing Assessment Study (LIHAS) is a sub-component of the PIIP, focusing on housing for poor households not directly affected by the main project.

2. Housing Needs

• The study identifies three main sources of current housing need: insufficient provision, resettlement, and typhoon damage.
• Current Housing Need (New/Replacement Units):
  • Based on the HIS survey, 26,954 units are deemed inadequate, with 15,094 of these being for low-income households (LIHs).
  • Inadequate floor space, poor structural quality, and unsafe locations are key indicators of need.
  • When including Hoa Vang and homeless households, the total inadequate housing units increase to 37,338, with 64,317 units for LIHs.
• Resettlement Need:
  • The resettlement program is expected to affect 21,500 households, of which 12,000 are LIHs.
• Typhoon Damage Need:
  • Approximately 6,863 units require upgrading due to typhoon damage, with 3,843 estimated to be for LIHs.
• Total Current Housing Need:
  • The total number of households requiring new or replacement housing is estimated at around 78,100, with 46% being low-income.

3. Low Income Housing Standards and Types

• Minimum housing standards for low-income households are defined in terms of cost, quality, and space.
• A minimum standard of 6m² per person is suggested for replacement needs, while 13m² per person is proposed for upgrading.
• The estimated monthly cost for a minimum standard housing unit (excluding land) is 143,000 VND/person, and including land, it is 320,000 VND/person.
• The threshold for low-income households is set at 560,000 VND/person/month, based on adjusted living expenditure data.

4. Effective Housing Demand

• The study estimates the effective demand for low-income housing by analyzing income and expenditure data from the HIS and VHLSS surveys.
• It is found that households earning below the 40th percentile of income are considered low-income.
• The total number of low-income households in Danang is estimated at around 138,260, excluding Hoa Vang, and up to 168,960 when including unregistered migrants.

5. Funding Low Income Housing in Danang

• The study outlines various funding options, including public finance mechanisms, microfinance loans, and integrated savings and compensation models.
• It highlights the need for more effective and sustainable funding strategies to support low-income housing development and maintenance.

6. Institutional Aspects of Low Income Housing

• The study examines the role of the Housing Management Company (HMC) and identifies challenges in its current functioning.
• It suggests options for improving the institutional framework for public housing provision and management, including better coordination and resource allocation.

7. Policy Recommendations

• The report recommends establishing integrated and workable housing policy frameworks.
• It suggests improving the housing delivery system and developing policies for the low-income housing market.
• The development of technical assistance programs will be delayed until after a workshop in late March – early April 2007.

Key Information

• Low Income Threshold: Set at 560,000 VND/person/month based on adjusted living expenditures.
• Current Housing Need: Estimated at 78,100 households, with 46% being low-income.
• Funding Options: Include public finance, microfinance, and integrated savings and compensation models.
• Institutional Challenges: The HMC faces issues in housing allocation and management, requiring reform.
• Future Housing Needs: Derived from population projections and expected migration, emphasizing the need for long-term planning.

Conclusion

The study provides a comprehensive assessment of housing needs for low-income groups in Danang, emphasizing the importance of addressing both new and renovation needs. It outlines key financial and institutional considerations and recommends a more integrated and sustainable approach to low-income housing development.