2012年-世界发展银行全球_City_Development_Strategy_for_Halong_205页_33mb

Summary of Ha Long City Development Strategy

Core Content

This document outlines the City Development Strategy (CDS) for Ha Long City in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam, with a focus on achieving sustainable urbanization, economic growth, and environmental protection by the year 2020. The strategy is prepared by the National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) in collaboration with the Cities Alliance and the World Bank (WB), and it is part of a broader initiative that also includes Can Tho City. The strategy is designed to align Ha Long with national and regional development goals while addressing local challenges and leveraging its strengths.

Main Views and Key Information

Vision for Ha Long City (2020)

Ha Long City aims to become:

• The core urban area of the Northern Region of Vietnam.
• The gate city and custodian of Halong Bay, a natural World Heritage Site.
• A thriving center for tourism, a sea port, and a commercial hub at both national and international levels.

The city will have:

• A growing, dynamic, but stable economy.
• An economy in harmony with the environment.
• Technical and social infrastructure meeting international standards.
• A high standard of living for all its inhabitants.

Strategic Overview

1. The Existing Situation and Development of Ha Long City

• Ha Long is one of the fastest urbanizing cities in Vietnam.
• The economy is dominated by the service sector (especially tourism) and industrial sector (historically linked to coal mining).
• The city is strategically located with improving transportation links, enabling access to international trade with China.
• Major challenges include balancing tourism growth with environmental protection, particularly for Halong Bay, which is a World Heritage Site.

2. The City in the Region and Province

• Ha Long is part of the Northern Key Economic Region, which is expected to increase its contribution to Vietnam’s GDP from 23% in 2005 to 29% in 2020.
• The Master Plan for Quang Ninh Province aims to increase its contribution to national GDP to 10-12% by 2020.
• Industrialization is a key driver, with coal mining remaining a major sector.
• Infrastructure development, including port services, transport, and wastewater treatment, is crucial for supporting socio-economic growth.
• The proportion of trained workers in the labor force is expected to rise from 35-40% by 2020.

3. Overall Socio-Economic Development Strategy

• The city will focus on tourism, service, and industry to become a regional and national center.
• Economic growth is projected to rise from 12.6% in 2005 to 14% by 2010.
• Skilled labor is expected to increase from 62% in 2005 to 70% by 2010.
• The city aims to provide clean water and waste management to all residents by 2010.
• Poverty reduction is a key goal, with the aim of reducing the number of families below the poverty line and eliminating extreme poverty.

4. Strengths of Ha Long City

• Rapid urbanization and extensive construction in Bai Chay.
• Tourism services sector is well-established, supporting a large number of domestic and international tourists.
• Coal mining remains a key industry.
• Geographical location and transport links (including the new bridge at Bai Chay) enhance connectivity.
• Improved water and sanitation infrastructure with donor support.
• Balanced budget and increasing foreign investment.
• Successful implementation of block grant reforms and administrative simplification.

5. Weaknesses of Ha Long City

• Uncontrolled urban growth has led to environmental degradation and threats to tourism.
• Local coal mining contributes to environmental pollution.
• High land prices due to population growth and rising demand.
• Limited access to basic services in some peripheral areas.
• Lack of an updated environmental management plan for Halong Bay.
• Unofficial immigration increases pressure on housing and infrastructure.
• Limited labor training hinders development of high-tech and high-value industries.
• Quang Ninh Province's competitiveness has declined due to insufficient labor training.

6. Opportunities for Ha Long City

• Strategic location and transport links allow it to serve as an urban service center for the Red River Delta.
• Access to the Chinese market and international tourism offer growth potential.
• International support for the conservation of Halong Bay.
• Funds from coal mining can be used for environmental restoration.
• Provincial investment prioritizes Ha Long City for infrastructure development, enhancing domestic and international financing.

7. Threats to Ha Long City

• Uncontrolled urbanization could lead to increased land prices and overloaded infrastructure.
• Environmental degradation from tourism and industrial growth threatens the tourism potential of Halong Bay.
• Massive investment demands (between 17-22,000 billion VND for 2006-2010) require clear funding sources.
• Unofficial immigration may lead to increased poverty due to lack of infrastructure in peripheral areas.

Key Strategic Objectives

1. Economic Development:

   • Become a regional and national center for tourism, industry, and services.
   • Expand high-tech industries and reduce reliance on extractive industries.
   • Improve skilled labor availability and economic diversification.

2. Urbanization:

   • Controlled and sustainable urban growth.
   • Affordable housing for the growing population.
   • Urban landscaping and public spaces to improve quality of life.

3. Infrastructure Development:

   • Upgrade technical and social infrastructure (electricity, water, waste treatment).
   • Ensure universal access to clean water and wastewater treatment.
   • Improve healthcare and education to meet national standards.

4. Environmental Protection:

   • Maintain the natural environment of Halong Bay.
   • Protect and manage the World Heritage Site as part of a joint commitment with UNESCO.
   • Sustainable tourism development using the natural heritage.

5. Poverty Reduction and Employment:

   • Reduce poverty and eliminate extreme poverty.
   • Create employment opportunities in poorer wards.
   • Improve skills and business opportunities for low-income residents.

6. Urban Governance:

   • Decentralize financial management and investment decisions.
   • Improve administrative efficiency and investment procedures.
   • Develop mechanisms for regional investment to support urban development.

Key Themes with Strategic Objectives

Theme I - Urbanization

• General context: Urbanization is expected to increase globally, with Vietnam’s urbanization rate projected to reach 63% by 2025.
• Positive impacts: Economic growth, improved living standards, and increased income.
• Negative impacts: Overload on infrastructure, environmental degradation, and urban poverty.
• Projections: By 2020, urban population is expected to grow significantly, with Ha Long City being a focal point for regional development.

Theme II - Economic Development and Infrastructure

• Economic focus: Tourism, services, and industry, particularly shipbuilding and construction materials.
• Infrastructure priorities: Water supply, wastewater treatment, and urban technical infrastructure.
• Investment needs: Significant capital is required for infrastructure development and economic diversification.

Theme III - Environmental Protection and Management

• Environmental challenges: Pollution from coal mining, uncontrolled urban expansion, and tourism pressures.
• Strategic objectives: Ensure a healthy living environment, protect Halong Bay, and develop tourism sustainably.
• Management needs: Clarify roles between city and province, update environmental plans, and mobilize funds for environmental restoration.

Theme IV - Financial Management

• Current financial situation: Balanced budget with increasing revenues and foreign investment.
• Main objectives: Ensure financial sustainability, effective decentralization, and efficient use of public funds.
• Constraints: Need for clear funding sources and effective implementation of financial reforms.

Theme V - Urban Poverty and Employment

• Poverty reduction: Focus on affordable housing, job creation, and skill development.
• Employment strategies: Expand tourism and service sectors, improve business opportunities, and target poorer wards for infrastructure investment.
• Social infrastructure needs: Healthcare and education to support poverty alleviation.

Theme VI - Urban Governance

• Governance reforms: Simplify investment procedures, decentralize financial management, and improve administrative efficiency.
• Investment focus: Prioritize investment in poorer areas and social infrastructure.
• Regional coordination: Develop mechanisms for regional investment to support urban and economic development.

Prioritized Programmes and Projects

• Theme 1 (Urbanization): Focus on controlled urban growth, affordable housing, and urban landscaping.
• Theme 2 (Economic Development and Infrastructure): Develop tourism, services, and industry, and upgrade infrastructure.
• Theme 3 (Technical Infrastructure): Expand water and electricity networks, waste treatment facilities, and public transport.
• Theme 4 (Environmental Management): Protect Halong Bay, restore the environment, and develop sustainable tourism.
• Theme 5 (Poverty and Employment): Reduce poverty, create jobs, and improve skills.
• Theme 6 (Urban Governance): Decentralize financial decisions, improve governance, and enhance regional coordination.

Action Plan

• Theory 1 (Urbanization): Implement controlled urban growth and improve urban infrastructure.
• Theory 2 (Economic Development and Infrastructure): Expand tourism, services, and industry, and develop infrastructure.
• Theory 3 (Environmental Management): Protect Halong Bay, improve environmental standards, and ensure sustainable tourism.
• Theory 4 (Financial Management): Decentralize financial decisions, improve budget management, and mobilize investment.
• Theory 5 (Poverty and Employment): Create employment, improve skills, and target poorer areas.
• Theory 6 (Urban Governance): Simplify administrative procedures, improve governance, and enhance regional coordination.

Monitoring and Evaluation Frameworks

• Urbanization: Track urban growth, land use, and infrastructure development.
• Economic Development: Monitor GDP growth, industrial output, and tourism revenue.
• Environmental Management: Evaluate pollution levels, tourism sustainability, and environmental restoration.
• Financial Management: Assess budget efficiency, decentralization progress, and investment mobilization.
• Poverty and Employment: Monitor poverty reduction, employment rates, and skill development.
• Urban Governance: Evaluate administrative reforms, investment procedures, and regional coordination.

Appendices

• Includes data tables, maps, and figures to support the strategic analysis and planning process.

Conclusion

The Ha Long City Development Strategy is a comprehensive plan to guide the city towards becoming a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and economically vibrant urban center by 2020. It emphasizes the need for controlled urbanization, economic diversification, environmental protection, and inclusive growth. The strategy also highlights the importance of good governance, financial management, and targeted infrastructure investment to support tourism, industry, and social development.