2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Regional_Profile_2017___Southern_African_Development_Community_243页_2mb

Doing Business 2017: Southern African Development Community (SADC) Summary

Core Content Overview

The Doing Business 2017 report by the World Bank evaluates the ease of doing business across 190 economies, with a specific focus on the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It provides data and analysis on regulatory reforms and their impact on business environments, emphasizing equal opportunity for all, including gender considerations.

The report measures 11 key areas in the business life cycle:

• Starting a business
• Dealing with construction permits
• Getting electricity
• Registering property
• Getting credit
• Protecting minority investors
• Paying taxes
• Trading across borders
• Enforcing contracts
• Resolving insolvency
• Labor market regulation

It uses two main metrics:

1. Distance to Frontier (DTF) score (0–100) – reflects how close an economy is to the best regulatory practices.
2. Ease of Doing Business ranking (1–190) – compares economies based on their regulatory environment.

The labor market regulation indicators are not included in the aggregate ranking but are part of the DTF score.

Key Indicators and Performance in SADC

Starting a Business

• Lowest regional performance: Zimbabwe (rank 183, DTF score 49.13)
• Best regional performance: Seychelles (rank 66, DTF score 68.67)
• Regional average: Rank 131.33, DTF score 77.95
• Key factors:
  • Procedures: 8.2 for men, 8.3 for women
  • Time: 32.9 days for men, 33.0 days for women
  • Cost: 25.6% of income per capita
  • Minimum paid-in capital: 0.0% (Zimbabwe) to 0.3% (Swaziland)

Dealing with Construction Permits

• Lowest regional performance: Madagascar (rank 184, DTF score 36.88)
• Best regional performance: Mozambique (rank 30, DTF score 77.85)
• Regional average: Rank 103.73, DTF score 64.68
• Key factors:
  • Procedures: 13.3
  • Time: 159.1 days
  • Cost: 6.0% of warehouse value
  • Building quality control index: 8.4 (0–15 scale)

Getting Electricity

• Lowest regional performance: Madagascar (rank 185, DTF score 19.91)
• Best regional performance: Tanzania (rank 87, DTF score 70.52)
• Regional average: Rank 146.00, DTF score 49.49
• Key factors:
  • Procedures: 5.6
  • Time: 124.4 days
  • Cost: 2,365.0% of income per capita
  • Reliability of supply and transparency of tariff index: 0.4 (0–8 scale)

Registering Property

• Lowest regional performance: Namibia (rank 174, DTF score 38.35)
• Best regional performance: Seychelles (rank 66, DTF score 68.67)
• Regional average: Rank 120.87, DTF score 54.70
• Key factors:
  • Procedures: 6.1
  • Time: 52.6 days
  • Cost: 7.5% of property value
  • Quality of land administration index: 10.6 (0–30 scale)

Getting Credit

• Lowest regional performance: Angola (rank 181, DTF score 5.00)
• Best regional performance: Zambia (rank 20, DTF score 75.00)
• Regional average: Rank 94.60, DTF score 46.00
• Key factors:
  • Strength of legal rights index: 4.6 (0–12 scale)
  • Depth of credit information index: 4.6 (0–8 scale)
  • Credit registry coverage: 12.9% of adults
  • Credit bureau coverage: 19.1% of adults

Protecting Minority Investors

• Lowest regional performance: Congo, Dem. Rep. (rank 162, DTF score 36.67)
• Best regional performance: South Africa (rank 22, DTF score 70.00)
• Regional average: Rank 101.00, DTF score 50.67
• Key factors:
  • Strength of minority investor protection index: 5.1 (0–10 scale)
  • Extent of conflict of interest regulation index: 5.6 (0–10 scale)
  • Extent of shareholder governance index: 4.5 (0–10 scale)

Paying Taxes

• Lowest regional performance: Congo, Dem. Rep. (rank 174, DTF score 43.50)
• Best regional performance: Mauritius (rank 13, DTF score 91.92)
• Regional average: Rank 97.67, DTF score 68.75
• Key factors:
  • Number of payments per year: 31.9
  • Time (hours per year): 210.4
  • Total tax rate (% of profit): 32.1
  • Postfiling index: 59.6 (0–100 scale)

Trading Across Borders

• Lowest regional performance: Congo, Dem. Rep. (rank 188, DTF score 1.26)
• Best regional performance: Swaziland (rank 31, DTF score 92.68)
• Regional average: Rank 117.20, DTF score 58.27
• Key factors:
  • Time to export (border compliance): 111 hours
  • Cost to export (border compliance): USD 593
  • Time to export (documentary compliance): 109 hours
  • Cost to export (documentary compliance): USD 345

Enforcing Contracts

• Lowest regional performance: Angola (rank 186, DTF score 26.26)
• Best regional performance: Mauritius (rank 34, DTF score 68.65)
• Regional average: Rank 132.13, DTF score 46.76
• Key factors:
  • Time: 698.3 days
  • Cost: 48.0% of claim
  • Quality of judicial processes index: 7.1 (0–18 scale)

Resolving Insolvency

• Lowest regional performance: Malawi (rank 162, DTF score 22.25)
• Best regional performance: Mauritius (rank 39, DTF score 69.06)
• Regional average: Rank 103.20, DTF score 38.15
• Key factors:
  • Recovery rate (cents on the dollar): 30.2
  • Time (years): 2.2
  • Cost (% of estate): 16.7
  • Strength of insolvency framework index: 7.0 (0–16 scale)

Methodology and Limitations

• The report includes gender-specific data for three indicators: starting a business, registering property, and enforcing contracts.
• New features in 2017:
  • Expanded paying taxes indicator to include postfiling processes (tax refunds, audits, appeals).
  • Added a new pilot indicator on selling to the government.
  • First-time data collection for Somalia, bringing total economies to 190.
• Methodological assumptions:
  • No prior contact with officials.
  • No bribes.
  • All procedures are based on a local limited liability company in the largest business city.
  • If data cover two cities, scores are population-weighted averages.
• Limitations:
  • Does not include factors like proximity to large markets, infrastructure quality (beyond electricity and border compliance), or macroeconomic conditions.
  • The labor market regulation indicators are not part of the aggregate ranking.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2017 report provides a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory environment in SADC, highlighting the divergence in business regulations across member states. While some economies like Mauritius and Botswana perform well in multiple indicators, others such as Zimbabwe and Congo, Dem. Rep. lag significantly. The inclusion of gender dimensions and postfiling processes adds depth to the analysis, emphasizing the need for inclusive and transparent reforms. Policymakers can use this data to identify areas for improvement and benchmark their performance against global best practices.