2025-06-12-联合国粮食及农业组织-探讨内陆渔业区管理在保护淡水生物多样性中的作用（英）_216页_7mb

Summary of "Exploring the role of inland fisheries area-based management in conserving freshwater biodiversity"

Core Content

This document, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2025, explores the role of inland fisheries area-based management (ABMTs) in conserving freshwater biodiversity. It is part of the FAO Blue Transformation roadmap and aims to support the identification, evaluation, and reporting of other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) in inland fisheries. The paper is structured into two parts and four chapters, offering both a global overview and region-specific insights.

Main Viewpoints

• Freshwater biodiversity is under severe threat due to human activities such as dam construction, habitat destruction, overfishing, pollution, and the introduction of non-native species.
• Area-based management is considered a viable strategy to conserve biodiversity, particularly in inland waters, where it can complement traditional protected areas.
• OECMs are defined as effective conservation measures that contribute to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem function, and they are seen as an important tool for meeting global biodiversity targets, including those of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Inland fisheries management can play a significant role in biodiversity conservation by promoting sustainable practices and integrating local and Indigenous knowledge into management strategies.
• Challenges include inadequate data and monitoring, weak governance structures, unsustainable practices, and difficulties in integrating hydrological regimes and ecosystem connectivity into management plans.

Key Information

Part 1: Global Perspective

• This section provides an overview of the role and potential of inland fisheries area-based management in biodiversity conservation.
• It outlines common area-based management tools used in inland fisheries, such as community-managed fish sanctuaries, conservation zones, and protected areas.
• The criteria and guiding principles for recognizing OECMs in inland fisheries are discussed, emphasizing the need for long-term, effective, and ecologically significant conservation outcomes.
• The paper highlights the benefits of ABMTs in relation to global conservation frameworks and the challenges in interpreting and applying OECM criteria in inland fisheries contexts.

Part 2: Regional Overviews

• Africa: The region has diverse freshwater ecosystems, including rivers, lakes, and wetlands. However, it faces challenges such as limited data, weak transboundary governance, and unsustainable practices. Examples of area-based management include community-conserved areas and fish conservation zones.
• Latin America and the Caribbean: The region has large river basins and significant biodiversity. Challenges include the impact of dams, poor enforcement of regulations, and inadequate integration of hydrological and ecological factors. Examples include fish sanctuaries, community fish refuges, and protected areas.
• South and Southeast Asia: These regions have high biodiversity and significant inland fisheries production. Challenges include habitat degradation, pollution, and limited management plans. Examples include community-managed fish sanctuaries, protected areas, and fish conservation zones.

Recommendations

• Strengthen governance structures, especially transboundary cooperation and institutional capacity.
• Prioritize research, monitoring, and assessment of biodiversity and ecosystems in inland fisheries.
• Adopt ecosystem-based and co-management approaches, integrating Indigenous and local ecological knowledge into management practices.
• Increase local community and governance authority capacity through training and education to support sustainable conservation efforts.

Conclusion

The document underscores the importance of area-based management in inland fisheries for biodiversity conservation and highlights the need for a more integrated and adaptive approach to managing these ecosystems. It provides a foundation for identifying and recognizing OECMs in inland fisheries, emphasizing the potential for these measures to support global conservation goals while addressing the unique challenges of freshwater systems.

Key Figures and Tables

• Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between the direct and indirect benefits of recognizing and developing OECMs in inland waters and their influence on international policy instruments.
• Tables summarize regional contributions to inland fisheries catch, management objectives, benefits and limitations of ABMTs, and other relevant data for each region.

Key Boxes

• Box 1: Highlights the impact of dam construction on freshwater biodiversity, noting that over 60% of the world's largest rivers have been fragmented by dams, particularly in Asia and South America.
• Box 2: Discusses the lack of inclusion of inland waters in terrestrial protected areas and the need for a more holistic approach to conservation.

References

The document includes references to key studies and reports on freshwater biodiversity, area-based management, and OECMs, providing a solid academic and policy foundation for its recommendations and findings.