2025-01-12-世界银行-投资自然是蒙古的气候和发展机遇（英）_86页_5mb

Executive Summary Summary

The report analyzes Mongolia's potential to leverage Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) as a strategy for climate change mitigation and adaptation, while supporting rural development and economic growth. Key challenges include severe climate impacts (more frequent droughts, floods, dzuds), extensive land degradation, desertification, and overgrazing. The forestry and agriculture sectors contribute modestly to GDP but have significant natural capital value.

NbS (reforestation, grassland restoration, wetland conservation) offer a cost-effective approach to address these challenges, enhancing carbon sequestration, improving resilience, and supporting sustainable livelihoods. Modeling demonstrates that optimizing land use for NbS could increase carbon storage by up to 6% and economic returns by 115% without reducing forest cover. A targeted implementation of six mitigation NbS over 430,000 hectares could reduce emissions by 12.5 MtCO₂e/year between 2030–2036.

Despite ambitious policy goals like the BTNM (Billion Tree National Movement), implementation faces challenges including insufficient funding, inadequate institutional capacity, lack of monitoring, and limited private sector engagement. The government requires a whole-of-economy approach, blending public and private finance, strengthened institutions, and enabling policies (e.g., carbon markets, green finance) to scale up NbS.

The report provides policy recommendations, including:

• Appointing a national champion to coordinate NbS efforts.
• Developing an integrated landscape policy for rural resilience and development.
• Reforming agricultural subsidies and taxes to address overgrazing.
• Building institutional capacity for forest and rangeland management.
• Mobilizing finance through blended finance, carbon markets, and sustainability-linked loans.
• Implementing sustainable forest management and scaling NbS pilots.

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