2023-07-18-Capgemini-为什么在内燃机中燃烧氢气是减少二氧化碳排放的明智且经济的选择（英）_11页_3mb

Burning Hydrogen in Internal Combustion Engines: A Smart and Affordable Option for Reducing CO2 Emissions

This report explores the use of hydrogen combustion engines as a decarbonization strategy in the transportation sector. Transportation accounts for nearly 20% of global CO2 emissions, and while electrification is a key approach, it has limitations for heavy vehicles and sectors like defense or aviation due to battery constraints.

Key advantages of hydrogen ICEs include leveraging existing engine technology (high efficiency and 100 years of innovation), easy fuel transportation, and significant emission reductions (producing only water vapor and NOx). However, challenges exist, such as low volumetric energy density of hydrogen (requiring high-pressure storage or cryogenic liquid hydrogen), NOx emissions from combustion, and risks of self-ignition.

The approach is applicable across sectors:

• Automotive: Companies like Toyota and Honda are developing hydrogen ICE variants for vehicles that are hard to electrify.
• Aerospace: Hybrid solutions combine electric and thermal engines, with projects targeting short-range flights.
• Shipping and Defense: Upgrading engines to dual-fuel systems can reduce CO2 emissions (up to 70%) while maintaining operational flexibility, as seen in naval and military applications.
• Energy Storage: For Forward Operating Bases, hydrogen stored in liquid organic carriers can provide resilience, with test cases demonstrating practical implementation.

Overall, hydrogen ICE adaptation offers a cost-effective and pragmatic solution for decarbonization, paving the way for sustainable mobility while supporting job retention and addressing sectors where electrification is less feasible.