2024-11-24-IRENA-绿色氢气质量基础设施路线图（英）_81页_8mb

报告摘要

Green hydrogen is critical for decarbonization by 2050, with production needing to reach 125 million tonnes per year by 2030 and 523 million tonnes by 2050 under the 1.5°C Scenario.
Quality Infrastructure (QI) ensures safety, quality, and sustainability; it includes standardization, metrology, conformity assessment, and technical regulation.

Production and Trade: Green hydrogen costs are decreasing, driven by renewable power and electrolyzer advancements.
Ammonia and Methanol: Ammonia, produced using green hydrogen, could reach $688 Mt by 2050, while methanol production is transitioning to renewable sources.
Trade: About 25% of hydrogen will be traded internationally by 2050, with pipelines and ammonia as key transport methods.

Standardization: Sets technical requirements; involves international participation in organizations like ISO and IEC.
Metrology: Ensures accurate measurements; covers basic to advanced services for sectors like renewable energy and gas.
Conformity Assessment: Includes testing, certification, inspection, validation, and verification to assure safety and quality.
Accreditation: Recognizes competence of conformity assessment bodies through mutual recognition agreements.
Technical Regulation: Safeguards human health, safety, and the environment with minimum requirements.

Assess Green Hydrogen Potential: Evaluate techno-economic potential, freshwater availability, industrial uses, and infrastructure.
Develop National Hydrogen Strategy: Set goals, prioritize sectors, and define targets based on national conditions.
Assess National QI System: Analyze strengths and gaps in legal, institutional, service delivery, and external relations.
Assess QI Service Offerings and Demand: Use checklists to identify needed services at basic, medium advanced, and advanced levels.
Develop QI Action Plan: Create a phased plan addressing gaps, focusing on short-term basic services and long-term advanced needs, with stakeholder engagement.

Tunisia Example: Country-specific case study outlines key points like export targets and metrology action plans aligned with national strategy.

Policy Framework: Develop supportive policies and align with international standards to foster market access and safety.
Stakeholder Engagement: Promote collaboration between industry, government, and QI organizations.
Capacity Building: Train personnel and integrate QI into education.
International Harmonization: Collaborate globally to align standards and remove barriers, ensuring equity and sustainability.

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