2021-08-31-布鲁金斯学会-美国国家恢复力和复苏_通过创造更好的地方来减少不平等和促进繁荣的战略（英）_45页_20mb

State Resilience and Recovery Report Summary

This report, published by the Brookings Institution's Bass Center for Transformative Placemaking in September 2021, examines how state governments can address inequality and promote prosperity through place-based strategies. Below is a concise summary of its key points:

1. Context of the Crisis

• The 2020 crisis (COVID-19, economic downturn, social unrest) exposed and worsened long-standing structural inequalities in neighborhoods.
• Decades of policy decisions institutionalized disparities, necessitating state-level interventions to build resilient communities.

2. State Roles in Promoting Place-Based Prosperity

States fulfill four core roles through policy, funding, and collaboration:

• Setting the Rules:

  • Defines authority for local governments (Home Rule vs. Dillon Rule).
  • Limits state preemption of local policies unless aligning with state goals (e.g., affordable housing reforms in Oregon, tax increment financing in Michigan).

• Providing Funding and Resources:

  • Allocates state funds strategically to support affordable housing, infrastructure, and economic development.
  • Example: California’s use of state-owned properties for affordable housing, Maryland’s Priority Funding Areas.

• Enabling Cooperation:

  • Facilitates cross-jurisdictional partnerships to address regional challenges (e.g., Indiana’s Stellar Communities Program), improves civic networks (e.g., Kentucky’s Rural-Urban Exchange).

• Modeling Behavior:

  • States can lead by example (e.g., green infrastructure investments, equitable planning like Minnesota’s Equity Blueprint) to shape market trends and policy adoption.

3. Case Studies and Examples

• Policy Innovation:

  • Home Rule vs. Dillon Rule: States like Michigan use SmartZones to incentivize innovation districts; Ohio’s Land Bank Act combats blight.
  • Preemption Debates: States such as Rhode Island balance corporate incentives with equitable workforce training programs.

• Community Engagement:

  • Vermont creates funding flexibility through crowdgranting, while Minnesota’s Equity Blueprint bridges urban-rural divides through inclusive policymaking.

4. Conclusion

• The crises of 2020 underscore the need for targeted state strategies to overcome systemic inequality and build community resilience.
• By leveraging their roles—setting equitable rules, providing strategic funding, enabling collaboration, and demonstrating best practices—states can strengthen neighborhoods and national prosperity.

Key Takeaway: State-led place-based policies are essential for fostering inclusive economic growth and resilience, requiring flexibility to adapt local needs and market dynamics.