20110531-IEA-IEA_Guide_to_Reporting_Energy_RD_amp_D_Budget_Expenditure_Statistics_100页_3mb

IEA Guide to Reporting Energy RD&D Budget/Expenditure Statistics Summary

Core Content

The IEA Guide to Reporting Energy RD&D Budget/Expenditure Statistics is a comprehensive manual designed to help member countries and other stakeholders report accurate and harmonized data on energy research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) budgets. It outlines the principles, definitions, and methodologies for collecting and reporting energy RD&D expenditure statistics, ensuring consistency and clarity in the data across the international energy community.

Main Objectives

• Promote energy security by supporting reliable, affordable, and clean energy supply.
• Enhance transparency in international energy markets through standardized data collection.
• Support global collaboration on energy technologies to secure future energy supplies and reduce environmental impact.
• Improve decision-making through better data and analysis on energy RD&D investments.

Key Information

IEA Overview

• Established in November 1974.
• Has 28 member countries.
• Aims to secure energy access, promote sustainable policies, and support technology development.
• OECD/IEA is the publisher, with the European Commission also participating in its work.

Structure of the Manual

The manual is divided into two parts:

1. Part 1 - Fundamentals:

   • Defines how the IEA RD&D questionnaire is structured.
   • Provides guidelines for identifying which budgets/expenditures should be included.
   • Covers all energy-related activities.

2. Part 2 - Definitions:

   • Gives precise definitions for each item in the questionnaire.
   • Includes seven main groups of energy RD&D:
     • Energy efficiency
     • Fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal)
     • Renewable energy sources
     • Nuclear fission and fusion
     • Hydrogen and fuel cells
     • Other power and storage technologies
     • Other cross-cutting technologies or research

RD&D Definition and Scope

• Energy RD&D includes research, development, and demonstration of technologies used in the extraction, conversion, generation, transport, distribution, control, and use of energy.
• It encompasses basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
• Demonstration projects are included, as they are often essential for technology development.
• Deployment (use of commercial technologies) is excluded from RD&D.

Public RD&D Budgets/Expenditures

• Public RD&D refers to government-funded energy RD&D, regardless of the performer.
• GBAORD (Government Budget Appropriations for RD&D) is based on budget data from funders.
• GERD (Gross Expenditure on RD&D) is based on expenditure data from performers.
• The main differences between GBAORD and GERD are:
  • GBAORD includes government budgets (central, provincial, and sometimes local), whereas GERD is limited to central and provincial government.
  • GBAORD includes foreign performers, while GERD is restricted to national territory.
  • The objectives of the projects may be interpreted differently by performers and funders.

What is Included in RD&D?

• Current costs: Includes labour costs, non-capital purchases, and indirect costs (e.g., rent, social security, pensions).
• Capital expenditures: Includes land and buildings, instruments and equipment, and software.
• VAT is excluded from the measurement of RD&D.

What is Excluded from RD&D?

• Scientific and technological activities (STA) not directly related to RD&D, such as:
  • Library and museum activities.
  • Translation and editing of scientific and technological literature.
  • Surveying and prospecting.
  • Socio-economic data collection.
  • Testing, standardisation, and quality control.
  • Client counseling and advisory services.
• Administration and support activities within R&D centres are excluded.
• General purpose data collection, testing, and software development are partially excluded unless directly supporting an R&D project.
• Industrial activities related to innovation and production are excluded.
• Deployment (commercial use of technologies) is excluded.
• Private contributions to public-private partnerships (PPPs) and funding from local public bodies, NGOs, and charities are excluded.

Tips for Filling in the Questionnaire

• Structure of the questionnaire: Includes levels of information, memo items, and optional categories.
• Reporting issues: Covers currency, fiscal vs. calendar years, multi-annual projects, and metadata.
• Treatment of missing information: Should be clearly noted.
• Budgetary stage and actualisation: Should be reported accurately to reflect real expenditures.

Conclusion

The IEA Guide provides a framework for consistent and accurate reporting of energy RD&D budgets, ensuring that data are comparable and useful for policy-making and international collaboration. It emphasizes the importance of differentiating between R&D and related activities, and includes detailed definitions and guidelines for data collection and reporting. The guide is a key reference for national data collectors, experts, and stakeholders in the energy sector.