2010-12-31-世界卫生组织-2011_GYTS_Fact_Sheet_Mexico_Merida_1页_31kb

Mexico – Merida 2011 (Ages 13-15) Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Summary

Core Content

The Mexico-Merida Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) of 2011 was a school-based survey targeting students in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grades of Secondary School and 1st grade of High School. The survey aimed to assess the prevalence of tobacco use and the influence of key determinants on youth smoking behavior. It employed a two-stage cluster sampling method to ensure representative data collection, with a total of 1,495 students surveyed, of whom 1,051 were aged 13–15 years. The overall response rate was 83.8%.

Key Findings

Tobacco Use Prevalence

• Ever smoked cigarettes: 41.2% of students (Boys = 43.9%, Girls = 37.9%)
• Current tobacco use: 19.7% of students (Boys = 23.3%, Girls = 16.2%)
• Current cigarette smoking: 13.8% of students (Boys = 16.0%, Girls = 11.6%)
• Current use of other tobacco products: 8.4% of students (Boys = 10.3%, Girls = 6.8%)
• Likelihood of initiation: 22.9% of never smokers are likely to start smoking in the next year

Knowledge and Attitudes

• Perception of smoking attractiveness: 10.5% of boys and 8.6% of girls think that smoking makes them look more attractive.
• Perception of social acceptance: 26.7% of students think that boys who smoke have more friends, while 14.2% think the same about girls.

Access and Availability

• Smoking at home: 12.8% of current smokers usually smoke at home.
• Store purchases: 34.9% of current smokers buy cigarettes in a store.
• Age restrictions: 70.4% of students who bought cigarettes in a store were not refused due to their age.

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS)

• Home exposure: 25.9% of students live in homes where others smoke in their presence.
• Outdoor exposure: 47.0% of students are exposed to smoke in places outside their home.
• Parental smoking: 33.0% of students have one or more parents who smoke.
• Peer smoking: 11.0% of students have most or all friends who smoke.
• Awareness of harm: 81.0% of students believe that smoke from others is harmful to them.
• Support for bans: 89.5% of students think smoking should be banned from public places.

Cessation Efforts

• Smoking cessation desire: 52.6% of current smokers want to stop smoking.
• Attempts to quit: 66.5% of current smokers have tried to quit in the past year.
• Received help: 72.0% of current smokers have ever received help to stop smoking.

Media and Advertising

• Anti-smoking messages: 83.3% of students saw anti-smoking media messages in the past 30 days.
• Pro-cigarette ads: 70.9% of students saw pro-cigarette ads on billboards, and 60.8% saw them in newspapers or magazines.
• Brand exposure: 15.5% of students have an object with a cigarette brand logo.
• Free cigarette offers: 11.9% of students were offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative.

School Curriculum

• Smoking education: 74.8% of students were taught about the dangers of smoking in the past year.
• Reasons for smoking: 45.0% of students discussed in class the reasons why people their age smoke.
• Effects of tobacco: 71.3% of students were taught about the effects of tobacco use.

Main Points

• The survey highlights a significant prevalence of tobacco use among Mexican youth, with 19.7% currently using any tobacco product.
• Exposure to secondhand smoke is widespread, with nearly half of the students being exposed outside the home.
• A majority of students (89.5%) support banning smoking in public places, and 81.0% believe secondhand smoke is harmful.
• Media plays a role in shaping perceptions, with pro-cigarette advertising being more common than anti-smoking messages.
• School-based education is effective, as 74.8% and 71.3% of students were exposed to information on the dangers and effects of smoking.

Conclusion

The Mexico-Merida GYTS provides critical insights into the status of tobacco use among adolescents, emphasizing the need for comprehensive tobacco control programs that address access, exposure, media influence, and school education. The data suggests that while awareness of the risks of smoking is present, there remains a significant challenge in curbing tobacco use and its associated harms among youth.