2022-05-07-亚开行-2022年全球基本数据统计（英）_6页_1mb

报告摘要

Data is primarily for 2021 and selected years, with some preliminary forecasts for 2022.
Key indicators cover population, economy (GDP/GNI growth, inflation, FDI), environment (CO2 emissions, particulate matter), and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

Growth & Density: Most economies (e.g., Bangladesh, Myanmar) experienced population growth evident in GNI per capita values (though units vary). Densities vary widely, from high (Singapore, Japan) to low (Kiribati, Micronesia).
Aging: Many countries show aging populations, with varying fertility rates. For example, Bhutan has the highest fertility rate in the region.

Growth & Inflation:
- Several countries like China and India have historically high growth rates, though they fluctuate. India recently surpassed China in population.
- Inflation varies significantly; the Philippines and Fiji face significant inflationary pressures.
Employment: Various metrics highlight challenges, with unemployment rising in some nations (e.g., Palau, Vanuatu).

Goals tracked: Child mortality, maternal health, undernourishment, access to education, renewable energy, SDG7 (Clean Energy), SDG8 (Decent Work), SDG9 (Infrastructure), etc.
Notable progress includes:
- Education: High enrollment rates in many countries, e.g., Cambodia (100% primary and secondary).
- Health: Some nations show improvement in maternal mortality (e.g., Bhutan reduced maternal deaths significantly).
- Poverty/Energy: Reductions in extreme poverty and increases in renewable energy usage in places like China and India.

Economic Structure: Diversification across agriculture, industry, and services is evident but variations exist (e.g., high industrial output in Singapore).
Debt Service: High levels for some economies (e.g.,Cook Islands, Kiribati), while others like Georgia are improving.

-Stocks management varies, with better reserves in some comparator countries (like China) and high dependency ratios (like Bhutan) facing challenges.

CO2 Emissions: Significant variations exist. China shows reductions relative to GDP growth.
Air Quality: High PM2.5 levels impact public health in some countries (e.g., India faces major air pollution issues).

Infant Mortality Rates: Declined significantly across many nations.
SDG 14: Countries like Kiribati lack effective marine area coverage data.
Balance of Payments: Several nations exhibit deficits or low positive balances (Singapore doesn't report, While India and China have strong positive balances relative to GDP).

Economic performance varies widely. Industrialized nations have better governance, while developing nations face high inflation, unemployment, and challenges meeting environmental targets. Progress in poverty reduction and health is evident, but significant disparities remain within and across

展开完整摘要