世卫组织-成为智能饮用水：学校校长限制学校内外含糖饮料销售和营销的指南（英）-2024.5-16页_4mb

Summary of WHO Guide for School Principals on Restricting Sugary Drinks

Health Importance and Risks of Sugary Drinks

• Water Benefits: Safe drinking water is the best choice for hydration, as children lose fluids through sweating and need these restored for proper body function.
• Sugar Risks: High sugar intake from sugary drinks (e.g., soft drinks, fruit juices) can lead to:
  • Overweight and obesity, which increase risks for diseases like type 2 diabetes, heart conditions, and certain cancers.
  • Dental issues, including cavities and erosion, due to frequent consumption.
  • Short-term health problems such as breathing difficulties and hypertension in children.
• WHO Recommendation: Sugars should account for less than 10% (for adults) or 5% (for additional benefits) of daily calorie intake. Examples show high sugar content in common drinks, exceeding recommended limits.

Unhealthy School Environment Factors

• Availability and Marketing: Lack of safe drinking water and high accessibility of sugary drinks make unhealthy choices attractive.
• Marketing Tactics: Aggressive promotion through advertising, sponsorships, and promotions in schools and surrounding areas can sway preferences.
• Health Consequences: Children are vulnerable to marketing, which influences drink choices and habits that persist into adulthood, contributing to chronic diseases.

Actions for School Principals

• Reduce Availability: Ban sale of sugary drinks in canteens, vending machines, and school events.
• Increase Water Access: Ensure safe drinking water is readily available 24/7, including through piped systems, and integrate nutrition education into the curriculum.
• Educational Measures: Train teachers as role models, involve parents and the community, and use materials to promote water consumption.
• Policy Advocacy: Collaborate with local governments to restrict marketing near schools and secure funding from non-sugar-related sources.

Success Stories and Evidence

• Evidence-Based Interventions: Actions like banning vending machines or promoting water reduced sugary drink consumption in schools (e.g., France, Netherlands, Republic of Korea).
• Impact: Limiting access and marketing significantly decreases consumption, often without increasing intake outside school.

References

• WHO reports and guidelines on sugar intake, obesity, and dental health provide scientific basis for recommendations.